ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT PROCESSES OF ELECTRIC DRIVES WITH NONLINEARITIES

Abstract

The paper investigates the influence of inherent nonlinearities on the dynamic characteristics of electric drives and the behavior of transient processes in electromechanical systems. The relevance of the study is обусловлена increasing requirements for accuracy, speed, and energy efficiency of modern drive systems operating over a wide range of conditions and subjected to various nonlinear effects. Particular attention is paid to such nonlinearities as dry friction, hysteresis, dead zones, magnetic saturation, and mechanical backlash, which significantly alter system behavior and complicate analysis and control design. The research methodology is based on mathematical modeling of the electric drive using a system of nonlinear differential equations that take into account the main physical processes occurring in the electromechanical system. Transient processes are analyzed under a step input signal with further evaluation of time-domain characteristics, stability parameters, and system behavior in the phase plane. Special attention is given to modeling dry friction as one of the key nonlinear factors affecting system dynamics in low-speed regions and causing the formation of dead zones and nonlinear effects. The results show that the presence of nonlinearities leads to an increase in settling time, changes in damping characteristics, the occurrence of static and dynamic control errors, and a shift in system stability boundaries. It is demonstrated that nonlinear effects can both degrade dynamic performance and provide beneficial effects in terms of additional damping and reduction of overshoot. The influence of nonlinearities on the parameters of the characteristic equation and their role in shaping transient processes are analyzed. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in their application to the design and improvement of electric drive control systems considering nonlinear effects, which makes it possible to enhance accuracy, stability, and efficiency of electromechanical systems under real operating conditions.