IMPROVEMENT OF THE HYDRAULIC APPROACH TO THE CALCULATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE COLLECTOR AND DRAINAGE NETWORK IN ACCORDANCE WITH MODERN ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

Abstract

An analysis of the main methods and models for determining the parameters of the collector-drainage network of drainage systems has been performed. Due to the extreme complexity of the heterogeneous processes occurring in drained areas, these developments do not sufficiently take into account the multiple factors determining the natural-agro-reclamation conditions. These conditions influence their calculation, which does not meet modern economic and environmental requirements. At different stages of the development of land reclamation science, several main methods for calculating the parameters of agricultural drainage as the main regulating element of the DS, as well as drainage collectors, side and fence network channels, main canal, and hydraulic structures have been determined. These include: the water balance method, as the most objective and widespread in land reclamation practice; the hydromechanical method, based on the theoretical principles of water movement in natural and technical systems; the empirical method, based on mainly statistical data processing of numerous field studies. At the same time, each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Based on previously developed physical and general mathematical models of the drainage system, as well as models for determining the volume of water in the system and its constituent elements, an improvement of the hydraulic approach to calculating the parameters of the collector and drainage network in their hierarchical and hydraulic subordination was carried out, taking into account the possible discrepancy between the receiving and throughput capacity, which increases the economic and environmental efficiency of the system as a whole. The use of this approach allows: to reduce the drainage and flushing water regime with an improvement in the ecological condition of the drained soils by 10-15%; to simplify and improve the design of the collector and drainage network by changing the distances between drains, the corresponding lengths of drainage pipes and collectors by 10-25% without losing the efficiency of the system; to reduce the cost of the collector and drainage network during its reconstruction by up to 30%.