ROLE OF GREENING IN THE FORMATION OF URBAN ENSEMBLES OF UKRAINE IN 1940–1950s

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of approaches to the public green spaces creation and restoration in the cities of Ukraine in the postwar years. Most of the existing parks, squares, gardens, etc. werelaid out or put in order in the postwar years, according to the new master plans of settlements developed by the «Dipromist» Design Institute after the World War II. The article analyzes the features of landscaping measures provided by the master plans of the cities of the studied years. The role of greenery in the urban ensembles formation is established.On the example of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, Ternopil, Rivne and other regional cities, the specifics of creating parks, gardens, boulevards, squares, etc. in the conditions of urban transformation andreconstruction of 1940–1950 are determined. According to the longterm plan for green areas of all cities and settlements of Ukraine, since 1955 the creation of new master plans provided for an  increase in the area of greenery.In the conditions of the preserved urban structure, the processes of restoration and arrangement of historical parks, gardens, etc. were actively carried out, and in the free territories, including those where buildings were destroyed during the World War ІІ, new greenery was planned. In the central parts of the cities parks of culture and recreation were reconstructed. Ensembles of the centers were also actively planted with greenery, boulevards and squares were arranged in the squares. In addition, green zones were created in the complex with the suburban area.