AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL OF MINERAL SOILS OF WESTERN POLISSIA OF UKRAINE IN RELATION TO CHANGING CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

Abstract

The issues of food, water and environmental security of the country are becoming more acute due to changes in climatic and anthropogenic factors both at the planetary and regional levels. A significant amount of products is grown on lands with a regulated water regime using various types and designs of land reclamation systems. The yield of the main agricultural crops on lands with a regulated water regime is currently lower compared to the general one in Ukraine, which indicates inefficient management and irrational use of their land and resource potential. Under stable climatic conditions, the maximum productivity of lands with a regulated water regime depended mainly on the efficiency of drainage by transferring surface runoff to ground runoff with its subsequent discharge beyond the drained territory. An increase in air temperature, an increase in climatic deficit and increased aridity in the region inevitably leads to an increase in total evaporation and total water demand when growing agricultural crops, including on lands with a regulated water regime. Effective functioning of water management facilities as a result of corresponding changes in the ecological and economic resource requires the development of adaptive technical and regime-technological measures for the management of these facilities. One of the measures to increase soil fertility in Polissya may be periodic deepening of the arable layer, which often coincides with the capacity of the humus-eluvial horizon.