VARIABLE ACCOUNTING AND IMPACT ON FINANCIAL BUSINESS RESULTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31713/ve4201917Keywords:
accounting policy, balance sheet policy, financial statements, variable accounting, accounting methods.Abstract
In the article are investigated how the choice of accountingmethods influences the formation of different financial results ofeconomic entities. Profit and loss indicators are an important sourceof information for company managers and external recipients. Manyfactors affect the value of a financial result. These includeenvironmental changes and company decisions and actions. Theamount of financial result generated influences business decisionsrelated to the enterprise, including remuneration and employmentpolicies. This can affect the decisions of the borrowers and creditorsand their willingness to provide financial support, counterparties tosupport cooperation and investors to invest in the enterprise.It was held a comparative analysis of the concepts of«accounting policy» and «balance sheet policy» in accordance withthe rules of Polish law and German accounting practices. Balancingpolicy instruments are characterized by three qualitative features:material, formal and temporary. The content of the goals of thebalance sheet policy of the enterprise is established. It is determinedthat accounting policy is a tool that shapes the image of an entitypresented in the financial statements. Therefore, its components havebeen detailed to make this tool effective.It has been found that the ability to choose different accountingpolicies can manipulate the company image. The manipulation ofaccounting policies can be effectively limited by a thorough audit ofthe financial statements of a certified auditor. As part of an accounting policy audit, the auditor has the task of carefully recognizing theentity's accounting principles, verifying that they are consistent withthe company's accounting policies, and verifying that the entityapplies the principles selected on an ongoing basis.There should be some controversial issues involved in auditingaccounting policies. The most important of these is whether theauditor should evaluate the desirability and legality of the decisionsmade by the entity within the accounting policies adopted. We believethat the auditor should not question the accounting policy instrumentsselected by the entity if they do not conflict with applicable standards.In addition, the auditor should only express his or her views onaccounting policies in special cases, since the auditor is not requiredto evaluate the appropriateness of the decisions made.References
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REFERENCES:
Michalczyk L. Funkcja informacyjna inżynierii rachunkowości. Pieniądze i Więź, 2011. nr 1 (50).
Michalczyk L. Model of Accounting Engineering in View of Earnings Management in Poland. Financial Internet Quarterly e-Finance, 2012, vol. 8, nr 3.
Michalczyk L. Rola inżynierii rachunkowości w kształtowaniu wyników finansowych przedsiębiorstwa. Rachunkowość wariantowa i odwrócony proces decyzyjny. Wolters Kluwer Polska, Warszawa, 2013.
Michalczyk L. The Role of Accounting Engineering in Shaping the Balance Policy of a Company. Financial Internet Quarterly e-Finance, 2012, v. 8, nr 4.
Michalczyk L. Significance of Accounting Paradigm in Decision-Making Process in Company Management (as seen through accounting practice based on IAS in Poland and other countries). Financial Internet Quarterly e-Finance, 2013, vol. 10, nr 1.
Michalczyk L. Use of Statistical Methods in Detecting Accounting Engineering Activities (As Exemplified By the Accounting System in Poland). First Part: Theoretical Aspects of Analysis. Financial Internet Quarterly e-Finance, 2013, vol. 9 nr 2.
Michalczyk L. Use of Statistical Methods in Detecting Accounting Engineering Activities (As Exemplified By the Accounting System in Poland). Second Part: Empirical Aspects of Analysis. Financial Internet Quarterly e-Finance, 2013, vol. 9, nr 3.
Michalczyk L. Współczesne nurty rachunkowości w aspekcie realizacji celów ekonomicznych przedsiębiorstw. Przegląd Organizacji. nr 2/2011.
Stępniewski J. Audyt i diagnostyka firmy, Wyd.AE we Wrocławiu, 2001.
Stępniewski J. Principes de la comptabilité événementielle: vers un robot comptable, 1987.
Ustawa z dnia 29 września 1994 r.o rachunkowości (t.j.: Dz.U.z 2016 r., poz.1047 z późn.zm.).
