labor market, unemployment, employment;, wages, digitalization, military operations
Abstract
The article is devoted to an analytical study of the trends in the functioning of the national labor market in the conditions of digitalization and military challenges. The list of threats and opportunities in the labor market caused by the development of the digital economy is specified and generalized. Digitalization creates the prerequisites for reducing employers’ labor costs; expands opportunities for remote employment and remote work; leads to increased labor mobility and labor productivity based on digital technologies; reduces the time to search for employees / work. The impact of digitalization on the qualitative structure of labor demand and supply is determined. It is proven that the presence of digital skills increases the possibility of career advancement, simplifies the job search, and contributes to obtaining a more prestigious and promising job. It is substantiated that military actions cause an exclusively negative impact on the national labor market due to job reduction; high unemployment; forced migration; personnel shortage; direct danger to the health and life of employees; unsatisfactory psychological state of employees. The current trends in the functioning of the national labor market in the context of military challenges and digitalization include: ignificant decrease in the number of registered unemployed, starting in 2022; share of unemployed who were covered by active employment promotion programs decreased by 10% in 2022 compared to the «peaceful» 2021; with the beginning of the war in 2022, the number of vacancies decreased sharply; the unemployment rate according to the ILO methodology during 2022 increased significantly and varied from 22.9 to 28.2%; at the same time, in 2023, the unemployment rate began to gradually decrease; during 2021–2023 the unemployment rate in Ukraine has always been significantly higher than in the vast majority of EU countries; the majority of employers believe that the main problem for business during the war is finding qualified employees; the military threat caused a decrease in the number of qualified workers not only due to migration abroad, but also due to their death, physical injuries and disappearance.
Author Biographies
Halyna Yurchyk, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne
Candidate of Economics (Ph.D.), Associate Professor
Vita Krol, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne
PhD
Sofiia Stupnytska, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne
