ECONOMIC REGULATORS OF BALANCED LAND USE

Abstract

The article examines the features of economic regulators of balanced land use. Objective and subjective factors that negatively affect the process of application of economic regulators have been studied. Effective levers and tools for ensuring the long-term development of balanced land use have been identified. The study of the relationship between indicators of the ecological state of agricultural lands and the economic relations that have developed in the agricultural sector shows that economic benefits prevail here. At this stage, it largely depends on the nature of the industrial and economic activity of the landowners and the aspiration of the producers of agricultural products to obtain the maximum profit. The integration of environmental and economic interests will address two interrelated questions: what is necessary for society and what can be obtained from nature. This task must be solved at the same time when developing optimal and ecologically safe scenarios for the interaction of nature, society and agro-industrial production, land use management, etc. Therefore, there is a natural need to form a balanced use of land resources in order to ensure the optimal ratio of economic, ecological and social factors of the development of society, taking into account the properties of land resources, their features and conditions of use in a separate territory. The legislative and regulatory framework should be constantly developed and improved, while using effective measures of economic regulation to stimulate land use entities, because institutional changes alone will not be able to ensure effective reproduction and rational use of land. The economic mechanism should become a regulator of environmental protection activities of producers of goods in the agricultural sector and increase the economic efficiency of land use according to the principle "the user who caused the pollution pays". A constituent part of this mechanism is the introduction of incentive-compensatory economic regulators.   Economic regulators of balanced land use should include the following elements: mandatory and systematic ecological and economic assessment of land use by state bodies of statistics and nature use; a system of financing, forecasting and material and technical support for the implementation of justified environmental programs and measures regarding the protection of agricultural lands; mandatory payment of land use; ensuring financing of works and measures related to the rational use and protection of land at the expense of funds from both local and state budgets; provision of payment for environmental pollution; compensation for losses of agricultural production and losses in case of expropriation of agricultural lands; formation and use of environmental funds, insurance programs, etc. It is emphasized that systems that encourage land users to implement land conservation measures should include both direct and indirect economic incentives. It is indicated that the coordination of national and local-territorial interests at different levels of management and at the level of direct participants in the land use process during the implementation of economic stimulation measures will ensure an increase in the efficiency of the balanced use of agricultural land.