CROWDINVESTING AS A FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT TO ENFORCE THE RECLAMATION OF LANDS

Abstract

This article substantiates that there is a need to find modern financialinstruments for measures of lands reclamation in order to improve theecological condition of lands. The author analyzes theoretical grounds ofreclamation of distorbed lands based on the legislation of Ukraine. Theprovided arguments prove that it is necessary to build conditions for thereproduction and protection of reclaimed lands using means ofcrowdinvesting as a new financial and economic instrument. The articledefines the most widespread and meaningful definition of thecrowdinvesting term with its notions and subcategories. The authormanifests solid arguments which facilitate the usage of the crowdinvesting  platform: for the investor – the low entry threshold in order to implement a business project and obtain the interest in the future (such as shares, assets, bonuses, a part of the profit in the completed project including benefits from acquired securities from the created company, directly within the crowdinvesting forum); for the srat-up owner – considering the luck of the start-up funds, it is a possibility to obtain funding with significantly lower percentage and faster than in the bank, moreover without the requirement to demonstrate the credit history. The article presents the process of the crowdfunding contract settlement between the crowdinvesting platform and crowdinvesting participants based on digital technologies, as well as the funding contract between the direct investor and the legal or physical entity which obtains funds by accepting the offer. There is a comparative visualization of the crowdinvesting with obligations and stock exchanges.The author gives retrospective analysis of the crowdinvesting origins in USA and analyses preconditions for the crowdinvesting emergence anddevelopment in Ukraine. The article determines that the combination ofdigital opportunities with informational and financial technologies allows to increase the interest from the society and involve a wide online community to start participating in crowdinvesting platforms in order to provide the reclamation of disturbed lands which will obtain a better level of capitalization thanks to the fact that it is possible to bring them back to the economic activity. The author reinforces a special need to reclaim lands for the Polissya region with the improved ecological state of the forest lands which was damaged because of the illegal quarrying of the amber. It is proved that the development of the mechanisms of the land resources protection and restoration within the Goals of the sustainable development should rely on the crowdinvesting in order to accumulate and obtain resources from the crowd platform; it should also be used to encourage more stakeholders to solve problems of the reclamation of the disturbed lands and to determine the ecological and economic directions of the land relations strategies for the future.