Статьи

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31713/ve220264

Abstract

The article develops and applies a methodological approach to the integral assessment of sustainable development of business entities in Ukraine by combining economic, social and environmental dimensions into a single diagnostic framework. The empirical basis covers official statistical data for 2015–2024, a period that includes post-crisis stabilisation, pre-pandemic recovery, the COVID-19 shock, short-term recovery in 2021, the full-scale war shock in 2022 and partial adaptation in 2023–2024, which makes it possible to assess not only linear growth but also the resilience of the system under external disruptions. The proposed indicator system includes fourteen partial indicators: five economic indicators describing output, value added, profitability, and investment capacity; four social indicators reflecting formal employment, personnel costs, working time, and full-time employment; and five environmental indicators measuring emission intensity, environmental expenditures, and the share of renewable energy. The indicators are normalised according to their analytical role as stimulators or destimulators, aggregated into economic, social and environmental subindices, and then combined into the Sustainable Development Index using the geometric mean, which prevents a weak component from being fully offset by stronger ones. The results show that the index increased during 2015–2019, deteriorated in 2020, reached its highest value in 2021, sharply declined in 2022 and partially recovered in 2023–2024. However, the 2024 level remained below the pre-war maximum. The scientific novelty lies in supplementing the integral index with diagnostics of internal balance based on the range between subindices, the coefficient of variation and the identification of the limiting component for each year, which reveals asymmetric recovery, the restraining role of the social component and the environmental paradox in which a proportional increase in environmental financing does not accompany lower emission intensity.

Author Biography