FEATURES AND TRENDS OF THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION

Abstract

This article explores the unique characteristics and trends of transnational corporations' (TNCs) innovative activities within the framework of international markets. It highlights the significant role of innovation in the development and sustainability of TNCs, especially in an era marked by globalization and increasing uncertainty. The study identifies the key drivers of innovation, examines the rankings of the most innovative TNCs and their industries, and analyzes investment trends in research and development (R&D), with a focus on emerging technologies. Special attention is paid to the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War, which has prompted TNCs to reevaluate their strategic priorities, redirecting investments toward critical infrastructure and military technologies to address global challenges. TNCs have emerged as critical players in shaping global innovation trends,leveraging their extensive resources, access to cutting-edge research facilities, and global networks. They actively integrate technological advancements into their operations, creating new forms of international business and setting industry standards. Notable trends include the increased adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT), artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and the Internet of Things (IoT), which have transformed traditional business models into more agile and sustainableforms. The article also emphasizes the dual nature of innovation for TNCs-as both a process and an outcome. Internal innovation is driven by the need to optimize production and improve efficiency, while external factors, such asevolving consumer preferences and competitive pressures, stimulate the development of new products and services. Collaborative partnerships and cross-industry alliances have become pivotal in addressing the complexity oftechnological advancements, allowing TNCs to pool resources and share risks effectively. The research utilized various methodologies, including monographic, comparative, statistical, and analytical approaches. It highlights the concentration of R&D investments among a small number of leading corporations, with ICT remaining the dominant field of innovation. Other promising areas include biotechnology, nanotechnology, automotive engineering, and the healthcare sector. The study calls for further exploration of the interplay between global crises, such as the Russian-Ukrainian War, and the strategic shifts in innovation policies of multinational corporations. By adapting to these challenges, TNCs not only contribute to technologicalprogress but also foster resilience and adaptability in a rapidly changing global economy.