The article reflects evolutionary modern trends in the functioning of the domestic agricultural sector. The research period is divided into two periods. The first from the declaration of independence to the thirty-year period of activity. The second in the war period. In the first period, dynamic changes in the agro-industrial complex are reflected. During the period of independence, the share of the agricultural sector increased by 2.5 times and accounted for a quarter of the GDP; the export of agricultural products in the structure of the total export of goods increased by 4.5 times; the profitability of production increased by 2.5 times, and labor productivity increased the most, per 1 person employed in agricultural production in 2016 prices, from UAH 50 to 857,000. Over the 30-year period, not only the volume of exports, but also its structure, has changed significantly. The assortment has expanded significantly, and the priority in the structure belongs to the products of crop production compared to animal production. And although Ukraine has the first ten positions in the structure of world exports, its range has significantly expanded over the past 30 years. Thus, in the period before independence, Ukraine had 9 types of agricultural products in world exports, and 30% of them were of animal origin. In addition, two positions, in particular, beef and sugar, which in 1990/1991 occupied the 3rd position in world exports, after 30 years are completely absent from it. On the other hand, during the period of independence, the following products were included in the export, as they occupy the following positions in the ranking of world exports: sunflower meal (1), rapeseed (3), walnuts (4), rye and honey (5), sorghum (6), oats, poultry meat and rapeseed meal (7), milk powder, soy and soybean oil (8), rapeseed oil, skimmed milk powder, cattle (9) and milk and cheese (10). In the second period, the problems faced by the sector in wartime are reflected, which is the reduction of land resources under cultivation and human resources. The trends characteristic of the labor market are presented. In particular, it is stated that agriculture is among the ten most active sectors in the Ukrainian labor market. Demand on the labor market in August 2022 is three times smaller than in the pre-war period, but the specific weight of labor supply is approaching the level of the pre-war period. Agricultural enterprises are trying to keep the existing staff. The demand for labor in agriculture is illustrated regionally. The leaders of the labor market have been determined by the number of posted vacancies. The demand for labor according to the level of wages in the agricultural sector is shown. It was concluded that agriculture cannot be classified as a highly paid sector of the national economy. The existing mechanism for booking employees in wartime is displayed.
Author Biographies
Liudmyla Beztelesna, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne
Doctor of Economics, Professor
Ivan Brelius, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne
