PROBLEMS AND TRENDS OF UKRAINE'S TRANSITION TO THE EU ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY SYSTEM

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problems and trends of the transition to the ecological and energy system of the EU countries and Ukraine. It examines the essence and necessity of such a transition, as well as the transition levels at which countries are located and the corresponding energy clusters. The purpose of the scientific research is to analyse the levels of the energy transition of the countries of the European Union, to identify the problems and trends of their development, as well as to propose possible ways to further improve the energy policy of Ukraine in order to achieve environmental sustainability and energy security. The study found that the transition to an ecological and energy system is necessary to ensure sustainable development and reduce the impact on the environment. It is indicated that the EU countries are already making the  ransition to a new energy system with low carbon emissions, and are also actively using renewable energy. At the same time, Ukraine is at the initial stage of transition and has significant potential for the development of renewable energy and energy efficiency. At the same time, the problem of such a transition was identified, namely, excessive overloading of electricity consumers with tax pressure, which leads to a low level of consumption per capita. In addition, clusters of countries that are at different levels of transition to an ecological and energy system were identified. These clusters take into account the level of development of renewable energy and energy efficiency. The definition of these clusters can help countries in the development and implementation of national energy policies.