SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC COMPONENTS OF THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE: CURRENT STATE, CHALLENGES, THREATS

Abstract

An analysis of the state of the social and demographic components of the country's economic security was carried out based on indicators of population size by age group, birth rate and death rate, general morbidity, etc. Changes in the age structure of the population have been determined, which are associated with a decrease in the share of the working population and children aged 0 to 14 years and an increase in the number of older and elderly people, respectively. A "very high" level of demographic aging in Ukraine has been determined, which will contribute to the further reduction of the country's labor potential, an increase in the demographic and economic burden on the working population, and an increase in expenditures on the health care system associated with high morbidity rates among the elderly. An analysis of the dynamics of mortality over the past 10 years indicates a demographic disadvantage that is increasing every year. The number of deceased residents of Ukraine in 2021 exceeded the number of live births by 2.5 times. Over the past year, mortality in Ukraine has increased by 13.6%, which is also due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19, the identified virus, took second place in the overall structure of mortality (after diseases of the circulatory system). Mortality of the population due to diseases of the circulatory system continues to grow every year. The identified phenomena of depopulation will lead to a decrease in the defense potential of the country and its sustainable economic development. Social and demographic components of economic security should become a resource for the country's economic growth, as they are aimed at reproduction of human capital. Problems, challenges and risks in the social and demographic spheres testify to the lack of formation of a holistic concept of social protection in Ukraine.