METHODOLOGY FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS ON DEGRADED LANDS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The article substantiates a comprehensive methodological framework for restoring degraded soils and establishing resilient forest ecosystems in Ukraine’s forest-steppe zone. It is established that approximately 20% of arable lands in this region suffer from degradation due to intensive water erosion, humus depletion, and deteriorating agro-physical properties. Based on the analysis of recent scientific sources the advantages of an integrated approach are revealed, combining mechanical soil loosening, organic amendments, mulching, and biotechnological tools. The stages of site preparation are described: removal of plant residues, use of chisel ploughing and milling to break up plough pans, application of compost or manure (20–40 t/ha), and mulching with 5– 10 cm of wood chips, which increase water retention by 20–30% and reduce evaporation. The role of drainage trenches, geomats, and erosion-control barriers in slope stabilization is identified. Criteria for selecting and treating planting material are provided: a combination of direct seeding (scarification, chemical treatment) with planting container-grown seedlings of local species (Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Salix alba). The effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation is demonstrated, raising survival rates by 15–20% and enhancing root development. Emphasis is placed on using biostimulants to activate soil microbiota and accelerate plant growth. Integrated multi-tiered planting schemes are proposed, including thorny shrub barriers (Frangula alnus, Rhamnus cathartica) for additional soil reinforcement. A special focus is placed on implementing GIS monitoring using satellite indices (NDVI) and unmanned aerial vehicles for real-time assessment of forest plots and adjustment of agronomic measures. The practical significance lies in developing an adapted methodological base for reforestation in Ukrainian conditions, which will contribute to stabilizing degraded landscapes, enhancing biodiversity, and reducing CO2 emissions.