ВПЛИВ АРХІТЕКТУРНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ РИМО-КАТОЛИЦЬКИХ КОСТЕЛІВ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ І РОЗВИТОК ПРОСТОРОВОЇ СТРУКТУРИ МАЛИХ МІСТ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ МІСТА ДУБРОВИЦЯ, АРХІТЕКТУРНИЙ КОМПЛЕКС КОСТЕЛУ СВЯТОГО ІОАННА ХРЕСТИТЕЛЯ З КОЛЕГІУМОМ РИМО-КАТОЛИЦЬКОГО ОРДЕНУ ПІАРІВ)

Abstract

The factor of influence of architectural complexes of Roman Catholic churches of the Order of Piarists on the development of the spatial structure of small towns is analyzed using the example of the city of Dubrovitsa and the parish complex of the  church of John the Baptist. Three criteria for evaluating the influence of the Roman Catholic branch of the Order of Piarists on the urban planning structure are proposed: role criterion, chronological criterion, planar (spatial) criterion. The role criterion involves the study of the gradual expansion of the functionality of the parish complex of the Order of Piarists and the impact of these changes on the development of the city. The chronological criterion involves the study of the city in time: the recording of the main historical events that influenced its development, archival materials, photographic records, maps and plans that were executed. The planar or spatial criterion covers the analysis of the city’s built-up area and the urban fabric in differenthistorical periods based on the study of maps and plans in order to study how the city expanded its boundaries. The main signs of the influence of Roman Catholic churches with adjacent complexes on the small town are given. The small historical town of the Dubrovytsia, Sarny district, Rivne region, was taken as the object of the study. The consequences of the influence of the architectural complexes of the Order of Piarists on small towns have been determined. It was found that religious buildings (churches and churches) acted as the first public centers of the settlement and influenced the formation of the city-wide center, influenced the creation of new public spaces in the structure of the city. The architectural complex of the Order of Piarists combined religious, educational and public functions, which increased the number of human flows directed to it and influenced the formation of the street and road network. The architectural complex of the Order of Piarists had a significant impact on the development of landscape architecture and garden and park art in small towns, as it included a botanical garden and a greenhouse. The church with the ensemble had an influence on the formation of the street and road network of the city, as a compositional and height dominant.