SUBSTANTIATION OF THE NEED FOR REGULATORY AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES NEAR THE BRIDGES ON THE TISZA RIVER IN CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Abstract

In the practice of hydraulic engineering construction, including river hydraulic engineering, in addition to hydraulic engineering constructions, many other engineering constructions and communications of small dimensions have been built and operated on rivers. They affect the river process in different ways. These include the following structures: bridges, regulatory structures, river intakes, water and municipal water outlets, crossings of rivers, gas and oil pipelines, transmission line pylons, as well as quarries for the development of gravel and sand deposits in rivers, etc.Work performed to regulate riverbeds must be considered in conjunction with the work of hydraulic structures built on them, taking into account their impact on the hydraulic regime of rivers.Hydraulic engineers state that the river process is disturbed after the construction of hydraulic and engineering structures. This violation of the river process can cover a significant section of the river in length (general deformations). In addition, local violations of the river process in areas of buildings are possible. They occur when hydraulic structures strongly compress the flow or limit the development of river meanders, or do not provide a continuous flow around the flow of structural elements. Therefore, the problem of predicting the river process with disturbed (unnatural) water regime remains relevant and insufficiently studied in the theory of river processes. Experience shows that on the one hand, structures can be deformed and destroyed in places of their location during floods, on the other – the buildings themselves can cause deformation of the river.The paper, based on the hydromorphological monitoring of the Tisza River in the Zakarpattia region, Ukraine, analyzes the work of bridge crossings in the area of the village of Korolevo – Vilok village.The influence of bridge crossings on the river process is investigated. The reasons for the formation of accumulative forms and the development of river deformations in the zone of influence of bridges are established. Measures to improve the operation of bridge crossings due to the installation of new or modernization of existing regulatory structures near the bridges are proposed.