WATER PARKS IN THE COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM OF SPATIAL PLANNING OF WATER PROTECTION ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES

Abstract

Clean water is one of the leading factors in the formation of the demographic situation, the importance of which will increase over the years due to climate warming, steppe formation of the natural environment, and significant evaporation. As a result, the spring period of replenishment of ground and underground water reserves by atmospheric precipitation has decreased by almost an order of magnitude. It should be noted that about 300 l/day is required for human survival. To grow wheat during the growing season, 700 m3/ha of fresh water is required. However, this is only 12% of the water consumed in agriculture and the municipal sector. The absence of spring floods has sharply reduced the mass of water in fish farming and the reproduction of aboriginal ichthyofauna. This is a significant problem in water supply and drainage, which must be solved not only at the state level, but also at the level of local communities.   The aquatic environment and water quality are the main basis for the development of the environment and society. In the modern period, the use of water resources has reached a certain level of development, however, due to the large number of sources of pollution and the need to spend significant funds, a reorientation of nature management and water use is required, since the entire river network of Ukraine has been significantly transformed, and the quality of the aquatic environment requires improvement. Therefore, in order to preserve the natural environment, it is necessary to reorient the urbanization system, especially of rural settlements, with a transfer from farm buildings to centralized radial settlements with a system of water treatment, waste disposal and water reuse in the national economy. This is an indicative direction for the prospects of nature management in the 21st century, however, in the modern period, the problem of water use and protection of water resources must be solved at the level of rural communities or local self-government bodies. The paper presents the directions of nature management and water use in river basins and the solution of this issue at the community level by organizing water parks.