soil fertility, winter wheat, soil factors, mineral fertilizers, productivity, water balance, soil acidity, microbiological activity
Abstract
The article discusses the rational use of soil resources, which is one of the key factors in ensuring the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. Long-term cultivation of winter wheat is accompanied by changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, which affects its fertility. In the conditions of intensive agriculture, mathematical modeling of the processes occurring in the soil is of particular importance for the development of effective measures for its conservation and increasing the productivity of agroecosystems. The change in soil fertility under the influence of perennial winter wheat cultivation is a complex process that includes the dynamics of the water balance, the transformation of organic matter, the balance of nutrients, in particular nitrogen, as well as the change in acidity and microbiological activity of the soil. The water balance is determined by the ratio of precipitation, evaporation, surface runoff and infiltration. A decrease in moisture reserves can negatively affect crop productivity, especially in drought conditions, which is confirmed by the results of mathematical modeling. One of the important indicators of soil fertility is the content of organic matter, which plays a key role in forming the structure of the soil, its waterholding capacity and providing plants with nutrients. The nitrogen balance is a dynamic indicator that depends on the input of fertilizers, biological nitrogen fixation and losses due to denitrification and leaching. One of the critical factors affecting biochemical processes in the soil is its acidity. The pH change model shows a tendency to acidification of the soil, which may be a consequence of the use of mineral fertilizers and natural weathering processes. A decrease in soil pH impairs the availability of nutrients and can negatively affect the development of microorganisms. Optimizing the acid-alkaline balance is possible through periodic liming and the use of organic substances with buffering properties.
Author Biographies
М. О. Klymenko, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
Т. М. Kolesnyk, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (Ph.D), Associate Professor
V. S. Soroka, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (Ph.D), Associate Professor
О. О. Nalobina, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne
Doctor of Engineering, Professor
N. S. Kovalchuk, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (Ph.D), Associate Professor
M. V. Holotiuk, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne
Candidate of Engineering (Ph.D), Associate Professor
