ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PRUNING OF FRUIT TREES ON THE SPREAD OF PESTS AND DISEASES

Abstract

The article analyzes information about the means and modern approaches to pruning fruit trees. Some pruning tools are shown. Modern methods and techniques for pruning fruit trees are described. Rules and errors when carrying out the pruning procedure for fruit trees are indicated.The following crown shapes of fruit trees are given: "Bowl", "Spindle", "Puck", or flat crown. The advantages of the "Puck" crown shape are given: accessibility of work with fruit plantations (spraying, pruning, fruit collection), convenient lawn care (a trunk of more than 170 cm allows you to easily walk under the tree while mowing and other operations on the lawn), no need for unnecessary equipment (ladders, extended sprayer rods, high-cutters), the fruit horizon is fully illuminated by the sun, which reduces the development of fungal diseases and improves the quality of the crop, a beautiful and unusual appearance of the area around the house. When making cuts of annual shoots, the following basic rules should be remembered: the cut should be made at an angle of 30-40 degrees to the bud, the cut should be 3-5 mm above the bud, by cutting off part of the branch, you can regulate the further growth of the branch by choosing the necessary bud. Information on the impact of pruning fruit trees on stimulating the release of volatile organic compounds that attract phytophagous insects was analyzed. In addition, the impact of rational pruning was analyzed, which acts as an element of an integrated protection system, since it: eliminates primary breeding sites; increases the viability of trees; limits the spatial spread of pests. It is recommended to treat branches with a diameter of more than 3 cm with special putties when cutting them to protect them from pathogens and stimulate wound healing. It is not recommended to use: garden var, paints, varnishes, technical lubricants and oils (waste oil, lithol, salidol) for processing cuts.