SAPROPEL EXTRACTION AS AN ELEMENT OF REVIVAL OF THE AGROECOLOGY OF AGING LAKES OF WESTERN POLISSIA

Abstract

The main factor in the pollution of surface waters of Ukraine is the imperfect methods of reversible treatment of municipal wastewater and mud waters of urban areas, which remove more than 70% of impurities of biogenic elements, suspended and toxic impurities within the range of 25% to 50% of the daily runoff. As a result, hot spots of pollution are formed below large cities, biological barriers for aboriginal ichthyofauna). Siltation of water bodies forms bottom hydrogen sulfide zones, which destroys young fish and food base. Overgrowth of aging lakes and shallow water of rivers forms intensive transcession of water. Significant water losses occur due to the transition to groundwater under over-drained areas, which leads to soil degradation and loss of humus. The condition of the surface of the riverbed catchment is currently formed by farmland in plowed areas. The transformation coefficient is expressed as the ratio of the sum of the coefficients of natural factors (afforestation, meadowing, swamping) to the sum of anthropogenic factors (plowing, urbanization). Extraction of sapropels from the pits of lake systems with the addition of silicon compounds will increase the efficiency of natural fertilizers in crop rotations. It is proposed to form a duplicate actual lake with a specific sample of peat to the sandy bottom next to the lake in the drainage basin, where water flowing according to the law of connected vessels together with ichthyofauna is transferred from the auxiliary channel. The actual lake, in addition to preserving ichthyofauna, becomes a relocated natural environment for the development of fishing. Instead, the aging lake is drained, which makes it possible to extract sapropel in an open way with its subsequent processing. In our opinion, based on the economic criterion, it is advisable to use biotropes - a system for obtaining agricultural products from dehydrated ponds, their fish products and clean water. At the same time, the use of biogenic impurities of the recycled effluent after tertiary water treatment in algae-river ponds when irrigating agricultural lands in the territories adjacent to cities allows to increase the productivity and fertilization of soils.