DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE THE STRUCTURE OF FARM'S CULTIVATED AREAS

Abstract

The results of the 2013-2015 years research in the farm «Niva» ofRivne district are adduced in the article. The podzolic chernozemsvarying degrees of erosion are dominated in the soil's structure of thefarm «Niva». Soil's estimation revealed that they are low fertility. Theintensity of the balance of nutrients in the short crop-rotation (annualgrasses – winter wheat – grain maize – spring barley) is more than100%. That is the result of introduction the organic-mineral fertilizersystem in the farm, inclusion the annual grasses at the crop-rotationand increased soil's content of the mobile phosphorus andexchangeable potassium. The calculation of humus balance based onits annual losses from erosion. The most humuslosses are observedat the heavy washed off soils under the all crop-rotation's cultures. Inthe same time, the actual erosion losses of humus are not exceedingthe allowable values. According to our calculations, the farm's «Niva»crop-rotation provides protection of the soils only at 66%. So we needto make changes at the organization of the farm's territory and tooptimize the farming system. The part of farm's tilth (25 hectares) isoffered to allocate for a permanent meadow. The soil's protectioncrop-rotation is introduced on an area of 69,3 hectares. We offered the contour-lane placement of crops on the southern exposure slope (15,9hectares). The optimization of the farm's «Niva» cultivated areastructure allows us to adjust the erosion, productivity and fertility ofsoils.