apple tree, economic efficiency, biological products, powdery mildew
Abstract
The economic efficiency indicators of various biological preparations for protecting apple trees from powdery mildew in 2021– 2023 in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were studied. All studied biological preparations showed high indicators of conditional net income (573.0–2448.0 UAH/ha) and profitability (26.9– 280.8%). The most effective from an economic point of view in 2021– 2023 was the use of Fluorescin BT, r. at a rate of 1.5 l/ha, which allowed to obtain 2448.0 UAH/ha of conditional net income, the profitability of protective measures was 212.5%, and the payback threshold was 0.13 t/ha. The highest level of profitability of protective measures was obtained with the use of the preparation Ampelomycin BT, r. at a rate of 4.0 l/ha – 280.8%, the conditional net income was 1991.0 UAH/ha, and the payback threshold of the preparation was 0.08 t/ha. From the use of Fitosporin BT, p. at a rate of 7.0 l/ha, a conditional net income of 1023.0 UAH/ha was obtained, with a profitability of 131.7%, the payback threshold of the use of this preparation was 0.09 t/ha. The lowest conditional net income and profitability among the preparations used were obtained from the use of the preparation Baktofit BT, p. 573.0 UAH/ha and 26.9%, respectively. The payback threshold of the use of this preparation was 0.24 t/ha. Apple fruit yield when using the preparation Baktofit BT, p. at a rate of 4.0 l/ha was 11.5 t/ha, including 5.3 t/ha of the 1st grade, 4.6 t/ha of the 2nd grade and 1.6 t/ha of substandard fruits. The yield when using the preparation Fluorescin BT, r. at a rate of 1.5 l/ha was 11.6 t/ha, of which 5.4 t/ha of the 1st grade, 4.5 t/ha of the 2nd grade and 1.7 t/ha of substandard fruits. The yield when using Fitosporin BT, r. at a rate of 7.0 l/ha was 11.4 t/ha, including 4.9 t/ha of the 1st grade, 4.3 t/ha of the 2nd grade and 2.2 t/ha of substandard fruits. The yield when using the preparation Ampelomycin BT, r. at a rate of 4.0 l/ha, it amounted to 11.5 t/ha, of which 5.2 t/ha were of the first grade, 4.6 t/ha were of the second grade, and 1.7 t/ha were of substandard fruits.
Author Biographies
M. V. Hunchak, Chernivtsi regional center of the State Institution «Soils Protection Institute of Ukraine», Chernivtsi
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (Ph.D.), Director
О. М. Hryshchenko , State Institution «Soils Protection Institute of Ukraine», Kyiv
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (Ph.D.), Scientific Secretary
P. M. Mamenko, Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management NAAS, Kyiv
Senior Research Fellow
O. Yu. Kolodiazhnyi , Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management NAAS, Kyiv
Senior Research Fellow
К. Р. Тurchyna, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne
Candidate of Аgricultural Sciences (Ph.D.), Associate Professor
