MONITORING OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF FERTILIZERS IN THE GROWING OF CORN FOR GREEN MASS

Abstract

The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of using different doses and timing of mineral fertilizers when growing corn for green mass on leached shallow low-humus chernozem. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that: 1. The use of mineral fertilizers when growing corn for green mass, which includes the main application of complete mineral fertilizer at a dose of N80P60K60, as well as the application of phosphorus fertilizers at a dose of P10 during sowing with subsequent nitrogen fertilization at a dose of N20, makes it possible to reduce the time of the growth and development phases of corn plants (from germination to harvest) by 12 days; 2. The highest biometric indicators of corn plants when growing it for green mass were noted in the variant with the main application of N80P60K60 and subsequent application of phosphorus fertilizers at a dose of 10 kg/ha dry matter, as well as top dressing with nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of 20 kg/ha dry matter. In this variant, the height of corn plants in the flowering phase was 224 cm, and the leaf surface area was 35.1 m2/ha; 3. The best accumulation of raw (47.5 t/ha) and dry (32.2 t/ha) corn biomass was facilitated by the use of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N80P60K60 for the main application with subsequent application of phosphorus at a dose of 10 kg/ha dry matter and top dressing with nitrogen at a dose of 20 kg/ha dry matter. 4. The best indicators of the chemical composition of green corn mass were on the variant with the main application of N80P60K60 with subsequent application of phosphorus at a dose of 10 kg/ha dry matter and top dressing with nitrogen at a dose of 20 kg/ha dry matter and were: starch – 37.1%, crude protein – 9.7%, crude ash – 7.5%, crude fiber – 25.0%, cellulose – 29.2%. 5. The highest level of yield of green corn mass - 46.7 t/ha, was provided by the use of N80P60K60 as the main fertilizer with subsequent application of P10 at sowing and top dressing with N20. On leached shallow low-humus chernozem in order to obtain a high level of corn green mass yield at the level of 46.7 t / ha, we recommend using mineral fertilizers at a dose of N80P60K60 for the main application with subsequent application of phosphorus fertilizers at a dose of 10 kg / ha d.r. and top dressing with nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of 20 kg / ha d.r.