BIOLOGICAL METHOD OF PROTECTION OF APPLE TREE AGAINST SCAB IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN FOREST-STEP OF UKRAINE

Abstract

It was found that the studied biological preparations in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in 2021–2022 showed high effectiveness against apple scab, which was the most common disease in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The expansion and development of scab was noted at the “end of flowering” with the formation of 1.0–1.2% of apple leaves and continued until fruit harvesting, when the disease affected from 15.6 to 29.4% of apple leaves and from 8.3 to 13.2% of apple fruits. The studied biological preparations showed effectiveness against scab on apple leaves within 51.9–70.3% and against scab on apple fruits within 57.5–63.5%. Which was the greatest effectiveness when using the preparation Fluorescin BT, p. at a rate of 2.0 dm3/ha – 62.3-70.3% on leaves and 63.5% on apple fruits. The lowest efficiency was obtained when using the preparation BioGibervit BT, at a rate of 2.0 dm3/ha – 51.9–59.7% on leaves and 57.5% on apple fruits. The use of the preparation Trichopsin BT, at a rate of 3.0; 5.0 and 8.0 dm3/ha allowed to reduce the development of scab on apple leaves by 54.6–67.2%, reduce the development of diseases on apple fruits by 58.1–61.5% and obtain a yield of 11.3 to 11.6 t/ha. The efficiency of using Fluorescin BT, at a rate of 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 dm3/ha was 53.0–70.3% on apple leaves and 57.9–63.5% on apple fruits, with a yield of 11.4 to 11.7 t/ha. When releasing the preparation BioGibervit BT, r. in the norm of 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 dm3/ha give effectiveness against apple steam 7 days after spraying within 51.9–66.2% on apple leaves, 57.5–62.1% on apple fruits and a yield of 11.2 to 11.4 t/ha. The effectiveness of the fungicide Delan, v.g. at a rate of 0.8 kg/ha, which was used as a chemical standard, was 81.1–87.8% on apple leaves and 84.0% on apple fruits, with an apple yield of 12.2 t/ha.