EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL METHOD OF APPLE TREES PROTECTION AGAINST THE COMMON SPIDER MITE IN THE WESTERN FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The technical effectiveness of the use of biological preparations for the protection of apple trees from the common spider mite in 2021–2022 in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine was investigated. Research has established that biological preparations have shown effectiveness against the common spider mite in the range of 26.0–57.1%. The highest efficiency in the "pink bud" phenophase was obtained with the use of the preparation Biospectr BT, r. (10.0 dm3/ha), as well as a mixture of the preparations Boveryn BT, r. (10.0 dm3/ha) and Metarizin BT, r. (3.0 dm3/ha) – 50.4%, the most effective in the "fruit formation" phenophase was the preparation Biospectr BT, r. (10.0 dm3/ha) – 57.1%, and in the "fruit growth" phenophase (fruit the size of a walnut) the most effective was the effect of the mixture of preparations Boverin BT, r. (10.0 dm3/ha) and Metarizin BT, r. (3.0 dm3/ha) – 57.1%. Therefore, it is recommended to use these preparations in apple tree protection systems against pests in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The effectiveness of the preparation Actofit BT, k.e. in the norm of 2.0 dm3/ha was 40.1–43.0%, in the norm of 3.0 dm3/ha – 40.7– 49.4%, and in the norm of 4.0 dm3/ha – 43.1–50.1%. The yield of apple fruits using this preparation was 11.6–11.8 t/ha. The effectiveness of the preparation Boverin BT, r. at the rate of 20.0 dm3/ha was 43.9– 51.9%, with a yield of 12.3 t/ha. The effectiveness of the preparation Metarizin BT, r. at the rate of 4.0 dm3/ha was in the range of 26.0– 30.3%, and the productivity of the apple tree was at the level of 11.6 t/ha, which was the lowest among the studied biological preparations. The use of a mixture of Boverin BT, r. (10.0 dm3/ha) and Metarizin BT, r. (3.0 dm3/ha) was effective, which made it possible to obtain an efficiency within the range of 50.4–57.1%, which by 4–29% higher than when using these preparations separately. The yield when using the mixture of the studied preparations was 11.9 t/ha. The effectiveness of the preparation Bitoxibacillin BT, r. at the rate of 3.0 dm3/ha was 42.6–53.3%, at the rate of 4.0 dm3/ha – 45.0–55.4%, and at the rate of 5.0 dm3/ha – 48.1–56.9%, with a yield of 11.8–12.0 t/ha. The effectiveness of the preparation Biospectr BT, r. at the rate of 3.0 dm3/ha was 46.1–52.6%, at the rate of 6.0 dm3/ha – 49.0–54.0%, and at the rate of 10.0 dm3 /ha – 50.4–57.1%. The yield of apple orchards during the study of biological preparations was 11.9–12.3 t/ha.