SIGNIFICANCE OF THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL MICRO-MACRO ELEMENTS AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION ON THE PREVALENCE OF DIABETES AND THYROID GLAND PATHOLOGY AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE RIVNE REGION

Abstract

The article presents the views of the authors, a review of the literature on the impact of some micro-macroelements and the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant on the occurrence of diabetes and thyroid pathology among the population of Rivne region and Ukraine. It has been established that starting from the first moments of the embryo's life, there is a need to maintain the stability of its internal environment and ensure mutual relations with the surrounding environment. At the earliest stages of ontogenesis, these functions are performed through humoral regulation with the help of circulating biologically active substances, which, as cells and organs specialized in their production are formed, acquire the properties of real hormones. It is the lack of iodinated hormones in the child's body in the early stages of postnatal life that is the decisive pathogenetic factor of mental retardation – the leading component of cretinism syndrome. It has been proven that the basis of the avalanche-like spread of endocrine and hormone-dependent diseases, together with genetic determination, are the conditions of fetal development in the mother's womb, which should lead to a rethinking of the importance of implementing broad social and protective measures in relation to a pregnant woman, aimed at preserving her psycho-emotional and physical health, starting from the earliest stages of bearing a child. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 655 million people in the world had goiter, 43 million had some degree of mental retardation caused by iodine deficiency, and 11.2 million had cretinism. In the literature, the term "iodine deficiency diseases" (IDD) was introduced, which is used to denote all the adverse effects and lack of iodine on the growth and development of the body and, above all, on the formation of the child's brain. These diseases are caused by a decrease in the functional activity of the thyroid gland in response to iodine deficiency [9]. In the literature, there are no unambiguous data on the terms and methods of treatment of puberty disorders in boys from the iodinedeficient region [5; 8; 9]. Therapy of disorders of sexual development in boys depends on the variant of insufficient puberty. The majority of domestic and foreign authors suggest using chorionic gonadotropin (HG) preparations and androgens to treat male hypogonadism [3].