ZONE FORMATION OF GROUNDWATER POLLUTION BY NITRATES ON THE TERRITORY OF RIVNE REGION

Abstract

The article examines the formation of zones vulnerable to the accumulation of nitrates in groundwater, which are used as a source of decentralized water supply in Rivne region. According to the results of potable water quality assessment in all districts of the region there is a significant relationship between the incidence of diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, circulatory system, as well as infant mortality and nitrate content in water, due to contamination of potable water in mine wells above permissible levels. Exceeding the maximum concentration limit for nitrates in the water of mine wells is due to: decomposition of soil organic matter, insignificant depth of wells and relatively close location of livestock farms, as well as unregulated use of collective and private fertilizers and organic fertilizers. For groundwater used as a source of decentralized water supply, the determining risks of nitrate pollution are: non-compliance of locations and arrangement of public and private wells with sanitary norms and rules of operation due to their location near toilets, latrine pits, sewerage networks, dumps in places, the absence of a "castle" around the well. Areas vulnerable to the accumulation of nitrates in groundwater in rural areas should include areas where violations are allowed in the arrangement and operation of wells and catchments of springs and improper organization of agriculture. The main risk factors for groundwater pollution by nitrates include, first of all, violations of the requirements for the installation and maintenance of wells and catchments of springs used for decentralized potable water supply. To solve the problem of nitrate pollution of groundwater, it is necessary to certify the sources of decentralized water supply and form an information and analytical database of the state of decentralized sources of water supply in Rivne region. Codes of best agricultural practices in areas vulnerable to nitrate contamination should also be applied, including restrictions on the application of mineral and organic fertilizers containing nitrogen to the soil, as well as the application of organic fertilizers to the soil.