ROLE OF VARIABILITY IN OBTAINING HIGH-YIELD TOBACCO VARIETIES WITH THE COMPLEX OF ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE FEATURES

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the role of variability for obtaining highly productive tobacco varieties with a complex of economically valuable features. Provision of high level of productivity is achieved by improvement of technical characteristics and productivity of tobacco raw material in breeding practice, the fundamental role is given to the study of variability and inheritance of valuable economic traits in hybridization. It is reviewed that detection of new and rare micro traits, direct use of mutants with set of valuable traits as economically valuable source material, reduction of breeding process, all the above is possible due to organized breeding of highly productive tobacco varieties. The article notes that targeted study of collection material allows breeders to use all the diversity of valuable traits in the breeding process. Therefore, it is relevant to conduct continuous screening of genetic resources of tobacco collection, allows forming valuable gene pool of traits for breeding practice every year. The author also emphasized that now the following tendency is traced: to ensure obtaining of high-quality seeds in sufficient quantity, peculiarities of cultivation of tobacco seeds are caused by both energy and incredible economic costs. The author analyzed the intelligence concerning the current stage of breeding work with tobacco. It was concluded that the pointer is now the creation of competitive varieties, which were described as high-yield, early maturing and fully adaptive to changing soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine. According to the ubiquitous distribution acquires the dilemma of selecting biotypes with high stable genetic potential for productivity and seed quality, capable of inheritance to withstand adverse environmental factors. It has been noted that to reduce the possibility of loss of valuable lines in the presence of a large number of biometrically similar plants, there is a need for additional selection markers, based on which the sample will be significantly reduced, and more valuable forms will be isolated.