INFLUENCE OF SUBSTRATES BASED ON FERMENTED FERTILIZERS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLOWER AND DECORATIVE PLANTS

Abstract

Substrate crops are very demanding on soil fertility, because in a short period of time they must provide conditions for proper growth and development of plants, namely: substrates must have a sufficiently high amount of nutrients with the optimal ratio between them, the reaction of the environment should be optimal for growing culture; the soil must have high buffering, optimal density, good air capacity and air permeability, high water retention and absorption capacity, must not contain salts harmful to plants, pathogenic microflora. Therefore, in the production of substrates – the environment in which the root system of plants is located, special attention should be paid to the technology and quality of their preparation, as they are designed for long-term continuous use without reducing their fertility. Production of complex fermented organic fertilizers on the basis of local raw materials, allows a scientifically sound approach to the system of nutrition of agricultural and other ornamental plants and conservation of agricultural landscapes. The article reveals the effectiveness of aerobic sludge from yeast production as raw materials for the production of a fundamentally new type of fermented fertilizers - biocompost to involve it in the substrate for growing ornamental plants. The results of vegetation and laboratory studies indicate a positive effect of biocompost on the growth and development of aboveground mass of begonias and improve the nutrient regime of the created substrates. In the variants with the introduction of a substrate based on peat and fermented fertilizer (biocompost), a reduction in the time of germination and the onset of phases of development of begonia plants was noted. There is a longer formation of seeds, and hence the accumulation of more nutrients in it. As a result, better seed material is obtained. Its use improves the growth and development of begonia plants, namely, there is an increase in plant height and leaf blade area. It is worth noting the high efficiency of low rates of fermented organic fertilizers in the substrate, which allows several times to increase its production for ornamental plants, prevent nutrient losses and expand the possibilities of modern industrial floriculture.