Intensification of agriculture in the conditions of global climate change has led to soil degradation, disruption of ecological balance in agro-ecosystems and problems of safe human nutrition. The priority task of modern agriculture is to increase the production of high-quality plant products using biological technologies for growing agricultural crops. Despite the global trend of increasing the share of the use of biological methods to 10%, the use of biological drugs in Ukraine is about 4%. Taking into account the unfavorable agro-climatic conditions in the South of Ukraine, which are manifested by high average annual air temperature and insufficient rainfall, the transition to the latest technologies of agricultural production with the use of biological preparations will increase the productivity of agricultural products in arid conditions and reduce the pesticide load on the soil. The wide introduction of biological preparations in agricultural production depends on the quality indicators of the soil. It was established that the highest stimulating effect of biological plant protection agents is observed at high rates of natural soil fertility, organic and nutrient content. However, over the past 100 years, the content of humus in soils in Ukraine has decreased from 6% to 3.2%, as a result of global climate changes, erosion processes, non-observance of crop rotation, use of outdated methods of processing agricultural land, chemical plant protection agents and mineral fertilizers. In conditions of humus deficiency, the functioning of the rhizosphere microbiota, the synthesis of biologically active compounds by microorganisms, and the assimilation of nutrients by plants are disturbed. It was established that the main part of microbocenosis is contained in the upper layer of 5–15 cm in the amount of 3 tons of microbial mass, which is most affected by erosion processes. At the same time, it becomes necessary to activate the microbiological activity of the soil based on the use of biological preparations, such as rhizobophyte, rhizohumin, diazophyte, diazobacterin, azotobacterin, rhizobacterin, polymyxobacterin, albobacterin, agrobacterin, phosphoenterin, which improve the conditions of soil formation in agroecosystems. In order to increase the productivity of agricultural products in arid conditions and reduce the dependence of agriculture on the ecological conditions of the environment, the use of biological re-regulating preparations, alternative sources of irrigation and compliance with the optimal structure of crop rotation is proposed.
Author Biography
S. V. Skok, Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University, Kherson
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (Ph.D.), Associate Professor
