REFERENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURFACE WATER CONDITION OF THE WEST BUG RIVER IN THE BORDER LANE OF THE UKRAINIAN-POLISH BORDER AT THE END OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Abstract

The ecosystem of the Western Bug River is formed in a basin located on the territory of three states – Ukraine, Belarus, and Poland. On the Ukrainian side, on the basis of scientific research, measures were implemented to reduce the impact of municipal wastewater and mine waters of the Novovolynsk coal basin. The most significant pollution was introduced by the sewage of the city of Lviv after the overloading of their biological treatment facilities. According to the profile of the channel from the side of Ukraine, the water of the Western Bug River is significantly purified both due to biological processes of self-purification, the influence of intermediate ecotones, and due to dilution with river water. However, there are a number of problems that have received little attention during research. This is the effect of acidification of surface waters due to chloride and sulfate ions. This is also the effect of heavy metal ions, in particular copper and zinc, found in concentrations that suppress the development of phytoplankton. The border area with floodplain meadows, old forests and lakes has a significant influence on the revival of the ecosystem of the Zahidny Bug River, which, according to its characteristics, can be included in the protected network as an element of the triliteral protected area "Western Polissia". It is necessary to note the high scientific and professional participation of a bilateral group of researchers from Poland. Systematic research on the state of the water environment of the river has been conducted since the 70s of the last century according to the Program developed by the Baltic countries in accordance with the requirements of the International Convention of 1974. The scientists of the parties conducted monthly sampling of water samples according to the agreed sets of observations for hydrochemical, hydrobiological and bacteriological studies, which were later agreed upon in the annual report and coordinated with utilities to improve the quality of the discharge water. Today, the level of anthropogenic influence on the state of the environment and the formation of water quality, the composition of aquatic and terrestrial biocenoses of flora and fauna has grown so much that it is necessary to continue cooperation at the highest level, namely on the study of typical changes in the composition of hydro biocenoses (successions) that are formed under by the impact of the consequences of economic activity and the actions of targeted influence aimed at preserving the environment.