FEATURES OF ANTHROPOGENIC DAMAGE ON POLISSIA PINE FORESTS

Abstract

The results of studies of the influence of anthropogenic factors (pollution, recreational load, forest fires) on the pine forests of Polissia are presented. The main indicators of anthropogenic transformation of components of forest ecosystems have been determined. Methodical approaches can be used in the diagnosis of damage to forest ecosystems. As a result of negative anthropogenic influence, the transformation of forests is taking place, which is expressed not only in the deterioration of the condition and productivity of stands, but also in the change of other components of forest ecosystems. The level and nature of forest ecosystem disturbances are determined by the mechanism of action of anthropogenic factors. The release of toxicants into the atmosphere changes the chemistry of precipitation, litter and soil, the recreational load disrupts the water-air regime: the porosity and absolute humidity of the upper layers of the soil decreases. As a result of grass fires in the upper humus horizon, the ash content, the content of alkali metals, and the pH increase in the first years after the fire. The greatest negative consequences were noted in pine plantations after the action of grass fires. The negative synergistic effect of pollution, droughts, fires, and epiphytophyte of the root sponge significantly increases the drying of pine trees. With aerotechnological and recreational loads, a chronic type of drying was noted, which manifests itself in premature dechromation and defoliation of trees, increased natural tree fall, leveling of the tree canopy due to a decrease in the proportion of trees of the 1st and 2nd classes of Kraft. The conducted complex studies made it possible to determine the main indicators of anthropogenic transformation of forest ecosystems. The specified regularities should be taken into account when carrying out forestry measures to increase the stability of stands.