PATTERNS OF WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY FORMATION DEPENDING ON ITS PREDECESSOR IN ACCORDANCE WITH BBCH SCALE IN THE STEPPE ZONE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

Application of crop rotation is an effective strategy to increase the resistance of soil systems to abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as increase the sustainability of land use in the moisture deficit zone. In line with the need to improve agrotechnological measures, it is important to substantiate the choice of a precursor to increase nutrient elements in the soil, ensure good microclimatic conditions of vegetative development of plants, accumulate and preserve moisture in the soil and leaf cells, high photosynthetic capacity of plants and productivity of agrocenoses. Therefore, the purpose of the studies has been to establish spatiotemporal patterns of the influence of precursors on the vegetation and productivity of winter wheat in accordance with the unified BBCH scale in the soil-climatic conditions of the Steppe zone. Based on the decryption of a series of satellite images of the Sentinel 2 spacecraft, the calculation of NDVI values and field observations, the spatio-temporal processes of vegetation and winter wheat productivity depending on the predecessor in accordance with the unified BBCH scale were investigated. It was found that crops of winter wheat on the site on the predecessor of peas vegetation occurred 1.6 times more active than on the site on the predecessor of spring barley and 1.7 times more active than on the site on the predecessor of sunflower. This has led to an increase in winter wheat yield by 1.43 and 1.56 times, respectively. The yield of winter wheat on the site behind the predecessor peas has been 4.65 t/ha, on the site behind the predecessor grain crop (spring barley) 3.24 t/ha, on the site behind the predecessor sunflower 2.98 t/ha. The obtained research results are important for improving the method of studying crop vegetation, soil crop rotation and precursor culture, determining the effectiveness of agrotechnological measures and predicting the yield of winter wheat in conditions of moisture deficiency.