FORMATION OF MECHANISMS AND TOOLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAFE-TY IN AMBER EXTRACTION PROCESS

Abstract

The article gives analysis of level sets and instruments formation ensuring ecologically safe amber extraction which is accomplished in three stages: the first one presents identification of purpose-oriented group of pollutants-consumers, the second one supplies the structure of ecological chains of value concerning purpose-oriented groups, the third provides with the selection of instruments to guarantees ecological safety in the process of amber extraction.It is pointed out that amber extraction is accomplished by three purpose-oriented group: state enterprises, teams which have got license to extract amber, and criminal groups.It is stressed that ecologically vital cycle of amber extraction includes the following stages: extraction technologies, raw materials consumption, sale and reprocessing of amber, transportation, by-products reclamation (recultivation of damaged areas).Within the first stage of ecologically vital cycle it is reasonable that the organizational instruments could be of great importance, such as appropriate law-making normative base, assessment of environment influence projects, regulation and limits of economic activity, administrative responsibility, economic instruments. During the stage of raw materials consumption, it is important to use instruments aimed at the producers to control their keeping of quality standards.There are ecological taxes, pollution payments, fund amortization, and those aimed at consumers stimulate demand on legally extracted amber (by the way of raising consumers information, advertising, marking).At the stage of amber sales, it advisable to use instruments of ecological polities (to stimulate demand on ecologically safe amber extraction, extra charge of amber price, advertising, amber labeling, standardization and certification of amber). At the stage of amber transportation abroad preference to transit carriers should be given, including obligatory use of compensation and insurance mechanisms to prevent smuggling.At the stage of utilization, it is advisable to use instruments aimed at producers concerning the choice of recultivation direction, assessment of environment influence projects, ecological audit, monitoring, As for consumers, it is important for them to get areas good for use according to the realized project with the help of ecological audit and administrative responsibility.