DIAGNOSTICS OF SOIL DEGRADATION OF FOREST, AGRICULTURAL AND WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS DAMAGED BY UNAUTHORIZED AMBER MINING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31713/vs420221Keywords:
degraded soils, diagnosis of soil condition, unauthorized amber mining, remediation.Abstract
Mining poses a significant threat to the state of ecosystems. The problem becomes a major concern if mining is conducted in an illegal manner. Thus, the unauthorized extraction of amber in the territory of north-western Ukraine led to the degradation of forest, agricultural and wetland ecosystems. In world science, it is recognized that in view of preserving the ecosystem functions of the soil and developing measures to restore its condition, it is important to diagnose the degree of soil degradation. The article presents the results of the development of a scale for assessing soil degradation disturbed by unauthorized amber mining. Research was conducted on the territory of forestry enterprises of the Rivne region. Turf-podzolic, turf-podzolic gleyed and turf-gley soils on different types of ecosystems were studied. The selected samples were analysed for physico-chemical (pH of salt extract), agrochemical (mobile phosphorus content, potassium content, alkaline hydrolysed nitrogen, humus content) and physical (soil density indicators, minimum moisture capacity indicators) parameters. A comparison of the physical, physico-chemical, and agrochemical conditions of undisturbed and disturbed areas due to amber mining was carried out. Indicators were normalized according to their stimulating or unstimulating value with further aggregation. At the same time, the weighted average indicators were calculated. We proposed a scale to assess soil degradation of forest, agricultural and wetland ecosystems damaged by unauthorized amber mining. It is recommended to diagnose soils disturbed by amber mining using a set of indicators normalized on a scale from 0 to 1 using formulas for stimulators and destimulators using quantitative and qualitative signs of the degree of disturbance: 1.0–0.68 – slightly disturbed; 0.68–0.48 – partially broken; 0.48–0.19 – very disturbed; 0.19–0 – strongly disturbed. Based on the established degree of degradation, it becomes possible to rationally choose approaches to the remediation and reclamation of the soils of forest, agricultural and wetland ecosystems damaged by unauthorized amber mining.References
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