EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL METHOD OF APPLE TREES PROTECTION AGAINST THE GREEN APPLE APHID IN THE WESTERN FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The technical effectiveness of the use of biological preparations to protect apple trees from green apple aphid in 2021–2022 in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine was investigated. Research has established that biological preparations have shown effectiveness against green apple aphid in the range of 30.4–73.2%. In particular, the highest efficiency in the "pink bud" and "fruit formation" phenophases was obtained when using the preparation Biospectr BT, r. (10.0 l/ha) – 64.6% and 73.2%, respectively, and in the "fruit growth" phenophase (fruit the size of a walnut) the most effective was the effect of Bitoxybacillin BT, r. (5.0 l/ha) – 72.8%. Therefore, it is recommended to use these preparations in apple tree protection systems against pests in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The effectiveness of the preparation Actofit BT, k.e. in the norm of 2.0 l/ha was 44.3–59.2%, in the norm of 3.0 l/ha – 51.6–61.3%, and in the norm of 4.0 l/ha – 59.5- 66.8%, the yield of apple fruits using this preparation was 11.8–11.9 t/ha. The effectiveness of the preparation Boverin BT, r. at the rate of 20.0 l/ha was 54.2–1.2% with a yield of 12.2 t/ha. The effectiveness of the preparation Metarizin BT, r. at the rate of 4.0 l/ha was in the range of 30.4–38.6%, and the yield of apple trees was at the level of 11.7 t/ha, which was the lowest among the studied preparations. The use of a mixture of Boverin BT, r. (10.0 l/ha) and Metarizin BT, r. (3.0 l/ha) was effective, which made it possible to obtain an efficiency within the range of 64.1–68.8%, which by 5–34% higher than when using these preparations separately. The yield for the application of the mixture of the studied preparations was 12.0 t/ha. The effectiveness of the preparation Bitoxybacillin BT, r. at the rate of 3.0 l/ha was 45.5–60.6%, at the rate of 4.0 l/ha – 49.1–68.3%, and at the rate of 5.0 l /ha – 52.5–72.8%, with a yield of 11.9–12.1 t/ha. The effectiveness of the preparation Biospectr BT, r. at the rate of 3.0 l/ha was 56.6–66.2%, at the rate of 6.0 l/ha – 63.6–71.3%, and at the rate of 10.0 l /ha – 64.6–73.2%. The yield of apple orchards when using this preparation was 12.0–12.2 t/ha.