Bulletin National University of Water and Environmental Engineering
Наукові статті в галузі економіки опубліковані в кн. Розраховано на науковців, інженерів, студентів вищих навчальних закладів.
National university of water and environmental engineering
PROJECT ACTIVITIES AS A TOOL FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANISATIONS
The article provides a theoretical and practical summary of approaches to project management in the context of innovative development of organisations. The article examines the role of project activities as a key factor in the innovative development of Ukrainian enterprises. Based on the analysis of statistical data, international project management standards (PMBOK, PRINCE2, Agile) and the practical experience of Ukrainian companies, the results of evaluating the effectiveness of implementing a project approach are presented. The main models of the project life cycle are analysed, the factors influencing its effectiveness are identified, and examples of the successful application of PMBOK and PRINCE2 methodologies in domestic practice are given. An integrated model of innovative project management is proposed, taking into account risks, quality and the human factor. Graphs, tables and a comparative analysis of management models are presented, demonstrating the positive impact of project management on increasing the innovative activity of enterprises [1, P. 6; 2, P. 3]. The modern Ukrainian economy is characterised by a high level of uncertainty and a need for innovation. In the context of post-crisis recovery, project activity is an important tool for ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises. According to data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, in 2024, the share of innovation-active enterprises was about 18.3%, which is 3.5% more than in 2022 [2, P. 3]. This indicates the gradual spread of project management methods in business practice. In today's environment of digital transformation, project activity is becoming one of the basic mechanisms for managing change and improving organisational efficiency. It ensures the integration of strategic and operational processes, allowing for rapid adaptation to market dynamics and technological challenges. According to PMI Pulse of the Profession (2023), companies that systematically implement project management methods demonstrate 28% higher performance in achieving strategic goals [1]. According to PMI, organisations that give high priority to power skills demonstrate better project success rates [1, P. 6]. This demonstrates the key role of the project approach in ensuring competitiveness. The purpose of the article is to conduct an in-depth study of the methodological and practical aspects of project activities as a tool for the innovative development of organisations. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set: to define the essence and principles of project activities; to analyse modern project management models; to identify factors that influence the effectiveness of project implementation; to propose an integrated model for managing innovative projects.
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FUNDRAISING AS A TOOL FOR STIMULATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN THE REGION
The article considers fundraising as an effective tool for stimulating the development of vocational education and Training (VET) institutions in conditions of limited budget funding. Modern scientific approaches and regulatory principles for managing fundraising activities in the educational sector are analyzed, in particular in the context of the implementation of state programs that provide for mandatory co-financing from local budgets and/or other sources. The advantages of implementing fundraising strategies in vocational education and the challenges associated with them are outlined. The main attention is paid to a practical case – the modernization of the training and practical center (TPC) in the Rivne region in 2024. The project. with a total cost of 5070.0 thousand UAH, was implemented at the expense of a subvention from the state budget to local budgets. The process of forming a grant application is described, the estimate and risk analysis are detailed. The institutional capacity and human resources potential of the Center, which provided a practical orientation for modernization, are analyzed. It is emphasized that fundraising is not only a tool for attracting additional resources, but also a strategic mechanism for strengthening the institutional capacity of institutions, expanding partnerships with business, and ensuring the sustainable functioning of the TPC as a platform for implementing new training modules and short-term courses. The article demonstrates how these approaches can effectively complement state initiatives and contribute to the sustainable development of educational infrastructure.
EFFECTIVENESS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION, INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY SUPPORT FOR THE ECOLOGIZATION OF UKRAINE’S AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
The development of international trade forces exporters to study the requirements of international standards for product and service certification. Priority steps to improve practical results in the field of European integration regarding environmental protection and rational use of natural resources in Ukraine should include: adaptation and harmonization of legislative and regulatory documents in the sector, taking into account existing laws and regulations; the introduction of cleaner technologies; the creation of consortia and alliances between Ukrainian enterprises and powerful EU companies; dissemination of information about investment needs and opportunities in Ukrainian agricultural production, and more. It has been proven that increasing export volumes stimulates the implementation of management systems (for example, the requirements of DSTU ISO 14000, 9000, and others). It is substantiated that the fastest option for harmonization is accession to international documents that establish legal standards in specific sectors through an “evolutionary” or “revolutionary” approach to the process of aligning legislation. In practice, the state implements harmonization by directly incorporating EU legal provisions (without significant changes) into Ukrainian legislation. Direct and indirect methods for determining the effectiveness of standardization in the agricultural business sector have been tested. It is proven that the advantage of indirect methods over direct methods lies in the smaller volume of information required on the implementation and use of standards. Therefore, indirect methods are predominantly used at the national level, while direct methods are applied at the level of enterprises, farms, and specific territories. Indirect methods also allow for accounting of hidden (synergetic) effects of new standards, as well as determining the effectiveness of general and fundamental standards – which is particularly characteristic of environmental standardization and certification standards in the field of natural resource use and the “green” economy. It is noted that determining economic efficiency is advisable both in physical and integrated indicators, which is explained by the presence of effects that cannot be directly measured. According to the results of calculating the economic efficiency of European integration, institutional, and regulatory support for the ecologization of Ukraine’s agricultural sector, it was found that certification of rapeseed cultivation processes (presence of a certified system) and subsequent export at world prices provides the state with profit 1.23 times greater compared to domestic prices. Under the second scenario – reflecting the establishment of institutional support for environmental certification of agricultural production within the system of agrarian natural resource management – the effect differs only slightly from the first scenario. However, the costs of institutional support for environmental certification (on average in recent years) are 76.5 times lower than in the first scenario. This demonstrates the efficiency of implementing certified management systems under a systematic approach to environmental certification tasks in agricultural natural resource management – namely: environmental standards and auditing, motivation for rational resource use, information technologies for monitoring systems, life-cycle tracking, storage, logistics, product labeling, and more.
INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS
This paper investigates the institutionalization of digital platforms within the system of international economic relations (IER) under accelerating global digitalization. It contends that platforms have evolved from tools of electronic commerce into comparatively stable institutional actors that shape cross-border market access, define standards of exchange, and implement algorithmic coordination of transactions across jurisdictions. Institutionalization is conceptualized as a multi-level process that contributes to a hybrid architecture of global economic governance, in which private platform rule-making interacts with public national and supranational regulation. Methodologically, the study combines institutional and systems approaches with comparative analysis, analytical generalization, and logical modeling. Causal reasoning is operationalized through the chain «platform → rule/algorithm → participant behavior → outcomes for IER», which links platform design (terms of use, access criteria, pricing and commission rules, ranking and recommendation systems, reputation mechanisms, data policies, and dispute-resolution procedures) to changes in incentives, visibility, transaction costs, and the dependency of firms and users on platform infrastructure. The article proposes a multi-level framework that distinguishes four mutually reinforcing dimensions of platform institutionalization: normative (rules of access, standards, compliance and enforcement), technological (algorithmic control embedding rules into digital architecture and automating monitoring), organizational (ecosystem formation through integrated payments, logistics, advertising and analytics), and market (network effects and scale economies that reinforce market power and reshape the distribution of value along global value chains). Drawing on evidence reported by UNCTAD, WTO and OECD, the paper highlights the expansion of platform mediated operations, the intensification of digital market concentration, and the rising macroeconomic weight of the ICT sector. The findings suggest that platform institutionalization reconfigures trade in goods and digitally delivered services, affects cross-border labour participation, and raises policy challenges related to competition, digital fairness, and sustainability.
DIAGNOSTICS OF CURRENT PROCESSES IN THE WORLD ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION
One of the key aspects of the evolution of the world economy is the active spread of globalization, which signifies a new qualitative stage in the process of international integration of economic activity. The process of globalization of international economic relations can be defined as the strengthening of interdependence and mutual influence of various sectors of the economy at the global level. This means that any commercial transaction will inevitably affect the domestic economy, production processes, ecology, social sphere, politics and other key aspects. Today, globalization has become one of the most important characteristics of the modern world system, the impact of which can be observed in all regions and sectors of the world economy. Its action changes the balance between external and internal factors affecting the development of the national economy. The structures of national production and finance are becoming closely intertwined, and the number of international agreements is dynamically increasing. In such conditions, no national economy, regardless of its size or level of development, can any longer exist autonomously. The limitations of their own resources, production capabilities, technologies or capital force countries to seek ways of cooperation and integration. The unfair distribution of the benefits of globalization creates the risk of conflicts at the regional, national and international levels. Instead of reducing income inequality, it is becoming even more stratified. In this process, countries that demonstrate rapid development are falling into the circle of richer states, while poor countries are increasingly left behind. Instead of reducing or eliminating inequality, the integration of national economies into the world system only exacerbates these imbalances, making them more acute in many respects. In the modern conditions of a globalized economy, the main distinguishing characteristic of which is the strengthening of interdependence between states and a high level of openness of national markets, the action of the fundamental economic laws of supply and demand is no longer total or indisputable. Instead, they manifest themselves to a greater extent as a general trend, which is accompanied by significant transformations of the traditional market mechanism of price setting. In the modern global economic reality, the process of convergence of the internal price structure of national markets with the levels a nd dynamics of prices formed on the world market is becoming increasingly obvious. In conditions of uncertainty, nonlinear dynamics of global development and the complication of long-term forecasts, when economic problems accumulate gradually, and the moment of their critical exacerbation remains unknown, it is necessary to study the key trends and challenges for the world community in more depth. This study becomes the basis for determining the strategic imperatives of the development of individual countries. Modern reality, characterized by complexity, heterogeneity, asymmetric redistribution of world resources and nonlinearity of processes, creates new conditions for a number of countries. For them, economic globalization appears as a qualitatively different dimension of development. These conditions require mandatory consideration, even if it is possible to influence their formation less and less.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT IN MODERN ENERGY SYSTEMS
The article reveals the theoretical and methodological foundations of sustainable development management in the energy sector amid global challenges related to decarbonisation, energy security, and digital transformation. It analyses contemporary models and approaches to energy systems management, including systemic, risk-oriented, process-oriented and life cycle management. International practices for ensuring sustainability are examined and recommendations are outlined for improving the management of Ukraine's energy development based on existing models for forecasting sustainable development in EU countries and at the international level, including: the announced commitments scenario (APS), the net-zero emissions by 2050 scenario (NZE scenario), and the stated policy scenario (STEPS). The work aims to develop scientifically sound approaches to improving the long-term sustainability of energy systems by improving the concept of energy management and identifying the potential for sustainable development of Ukraine's national economy in the energy sector. Particular attention is paid to the integration of economic, environmental and social components into the system of management decisions in the energy sector, and an improved energy management model is proposed, which includes elements of standardised risk-oriented approach methodologies. The general conceptual model for ensuring sustainable development of the energy sector covers three key areas: energy security, energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. The feasibility of using comprehensive methodological tools to assess the efficiency and adaptability of energy systems in conditions of uncertainty is justified. The results obtained can be used in strategic planning, state regulation and the development of sustainable development programmes for the energy sector.
ACCOUNTING SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING: ACTIVITIES, REPRESENTATIVES AND AREAS OF COOPERATION WITH LEADING ACCOUNTING SCIENTIFIC SCHOOLS IN UKRAINE
The economic essence of the scientific school as a concept is explored in this article. Information is provided about informal accounting school representatives of the National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, which is presented in terms of their dissertation topics, dissertation defense places, scientific interests, published manuals and textbooks. The monographs published in recent years based on the department's scientific research results are listed. The names of conferences organized and held by the Department of Accounting and Auditing of the National University of Water and Environmental Engineering are outlined. The main scientific and applied research areas of both teachers and students are given, which are the basis of the educational process, the modern skills acquisition and competencies by future specialists – accountants, that make it possible in order to assess the competitiveness of our graduates in the labor market in Ukraine as well as abroad. It was found that the established cooperation between the National University of Water and Environmental Engineering and the leading accounting scientific schools in Ukraine strengthens the scientific research synergy and contributes to the domestic research integration into European space. The prospects of efforts of scientists consolidating from different regions of Ukraine for the science and the educational further development and professional process in general are revealed. According to the results of the generalization of research results, it is substantiated that the informal accounting scientific school of the National University of Water and Environmental Engineering has a fairly powerful personnel potential, formed on the basis of many years of scientific traditions and practical experience of the teachers of the Accounting and Auditing Department. The prospects for the further development of accounting schools are undeniable, it consists in expanding interuniversity scientific initiatives and integrating innovative approaches into the training of specialists.
INSTITUTIONAL AND FINANCIAL MECHANISMS FOR SHAPING ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GREEN TRANSFORMATION OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
The global economy is currently undergoing a fundamental shift characterized by the "decoupling" of economic growth from environmental degradation. This article examines the complex institutional and financial frameworks that underpin the green transformation of global markets. The relevance of the study is driven by the urgent need to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement amidst growing geopolitical instability and a widening investment gap between developed and developing nations. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the key institutional and financial drivers that determine the effectiveness of environmental strategies at both global and national levels. The study focuses on how international organizations, regulatory standards, and market dynamics converge to accelerate or hinder the transition to a low-carbon economy. Methodology. The study employs a systematic approach to analyze data from leading international organizations, including the International Energy Agency (IEA), BloombergNEF, and the World Bank. Comparative analysis is used to assess regional disparities in green investment, while historical cost analysis highlights the shifting competitiveness of renewable energy technologies compared to traditional fossil fuels. Results. The research findings demonstrate that the green transformation has entered a new phase of economic viability. A key highlight is the dramatic decline in the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for solar and wind power, which have fallen by approximately 85% and 60% respectively since 2009. This technological maturity provides a powerful economic incentive for decarbonization even when direct government subsidies are reduced. However, the study reveals a significant geographical imbalance: over 75% of climate-related investments are concentrated in China, the United States, and the European Union. In contrast, emerging markets receive only 18% of global clean energy funding, largely due to high perceived risks and the subsequent elevated cost of capital. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the role of institutional "architects" such as the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) in unifying non-financial reporting. The adoption of these standards by 36 jurisdictions marks a significant step toward market transparency. The study also addresses the chronic underfunding of climate adaptation, which currently receives only 7% of total climate finance, despite the increasing frequency of extreme weather events. Conclusions. The research concludes that current financial turbulence and budget reallocations in some regions do not signal a reversal of the green course but rather a phase of institutional adaptation to new geopolitical realities. For countries like Ukraine, the strategy for post-war recovery must be aligned with the European Green Deal and the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). The transition requires not only increased capital flows but also reformed international financial mechanisms that can mitigate risks for private investors in volatile regions. Implementing "Build Back Better" principles and decentralizing energy systems through renewables are identified as critical steps for ensuring long-term national resilience and sustainable growth.
A NEW PARADIGM OF CONSUMPTION IN THE INFORMATION ECONOMY: FROM THE MASS CONSUMER TO THE CREATIVE SELF-REALIZATION OF THE PROSUMER
The article highlights the specifics of consumer behavior transformation in the context of the information-network economy. It is argued that the new type of economy shifts the emphasis from production to the spheres of service, education, and culture, while increasing the role of human intelligence and information, thereby fostering the emergence of new forms of activity, management, labor, and consumption. These shifts are traced within the evolution of consumption subjects: from the era of mass consumption to the rising role of a new type of consumer in the market ‒ the prosumer. It is shown that in the post-industrial economy, there is a transition from social consumption as the main factor of the production process toward the individual consumer, their needs, and priorities. This transition is embodied in two types of consumers: the consumer and the prosumer. While the «consumer» represents the culture of mass society and mass consumption, the «prosumer» acquires particular significance within the post-industrial economy at its highest informational level of development. The article explicates the phenomenon of consumerism within the scope of views, values, and beliefs of consumers as economic agents for whom consumer interests dominate their behavior in the context of mass society. In contrast, prosumerism emerges as a complex combination of producer and consumer in one person, involving people who consume what they produce ‒ «producer-consumers». Consequently, individualization is a priority feature of prosumerism, serving as an alternative to mass consumption. This provides a significant opportunity for the realization of an individual’s unique traits, skills, and abilities through the lens of creating a product (material or informational) or modifying a purchased one. It is established that the information sector of the economy determines the need for the formation of «information man» (homo informaticus) and their active inclusion in the processes of transforming and processing information and knowledge, creating innovative technologies through the realization of personal creativity, individual tastes, abilities, and a constant search for the new.
CONSOLIDATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF PUBLIC SECTOR ENTITIES OF UKRAINE THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS OF IFRS AND IPSAS
This study provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of modern financial reporting concepts on the methodology for the consolidation of financial statements in both the private and public sectors. The research examines the essence of a «group» as a single economic entity in accordance with the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (IFRS) and the Conceptual Framework for General Purpose Financial Reporting by Public Sector Entities (IPSAS). The boundaries of the reporting entity are explored based on the reporting entity concept, the principle of substance over form, de facto control, and agency relationships (principal-agent involvement). A significant focus is placed on a comparative analysis of the three elements of control (power, exposure to variable benefits/returns, and the link between power and benefits) as defined in IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements and IPSAS 35 Consolidated Financial Statements. The study analyzes indicators of control and the mechanisms of its exercise within the Ukrainian legal framework, specifically based on the Model Charter of a State Owned Unitary Enterprise. In this context, the author draws a clear distinction between protective rights and substantive rights of the controlling entity. Building on this theoretical foundation, the article proposes a model for the consolidation of public sector financial statements at the whole-of government level based on IPSAS. The implementation of this model requires a strategic transition from National Public Sector Accounting Standards (NPSAS) to the full adoption of IPSAS. Furthermore, it necessitates the mandatory application of IFRS for all state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The study notes that the legislative decision regarding the mandatory transition of all state enterprises in Ukraine to IFRS has already been enacted. The proposed approach aims to ensure high-quality, transparent, and internationally comparable financial reporting for the Ukrainian public sector.
ASPECTS OF BUSINESS PLANNING OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY AND HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS
The article examines competition in the hotel and restaurant business market in Ukraine. Conceptual foundations for business planning are developed using the example of enterprises in the tourism and hotel and restaurant business, applying the principles of a systematic approach. Business planning allows for growth in market share in certain segments. The activities of enterprises in the tourism and hotel and restaurant business are influenced by current trends: the impact of war, increased competition for consumers, established market shares, and limited resources. It is shown how the selection of market segments necessary to ensure the development of the range and assortment of services influences the formation of appropriate business planning tactics and strategies. The trends in the restaurant business in Lviv are analyzed. The main trends in the functioning of catering establishments are identified. The characteristics of current changes in the market are formed. Approaches to consumer segmentation as a stage of business planning are shown. The main criteria for market segmentation are the demographic and economic characteristics of individual consumer groups. This study focuses on the most important personal characteristics: gender, age, marital status, occupation, and average monthly income per family member. It has been determined that the age structure of visitors is very diverse. The middle and older generations prefer restaurants. The impact of the average monthly income of an average individual on their demand for restaurant products and services is assessed by the elasticity coefficient. It has been established that the mass visitation of catering establishments by entrepreneurs is influenced by their high purchasing power and the purpose of their visit – business meetings and corporate events. The need to foresee in business plans activities not only in product policy, but also in creating favorable conditions for spending time has been identified.
DEVELOPMENT OF TOOLS FOR ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TRADE NETWORKS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE LIFE CYCLE
The article examines tools for assessing the organizational and economic sustainability of retail chains in the context of their life cycle under conditions of crisis and wartime uncertainty. It is substantiated that conventional approaches to evaluating financial stability, based mainly on static indicators of liquidity, profitability, and solvency, are insufficient for diagnosing the adaptive capacity of retail structures, as they do not account for the dynamic and phase-based nature of retail chain development. To address these limitations, an integrated life cycle-based sustainability assessment model (ILC) is proposed. The model combines financial, investment, operational, and risk-related indicators within the FIOS framework, allowing sustainability to be interpreted as a dynamic characteristic that evolves across different stages of the retail chain life cycle. The study identifies the key life cycle phases of retail chains expansion, consolidation, turbulence, and recovery or restructuring and demonstrates that each phase is characterized by a specific configuration of performance indicators, risk levels, and capital structure features. The methodological approach involves the normalization of indicators and their aggregation into an integral sustainability index with weighted components reflecting the sectoral specifics of retail activity. Particular emphasis is placed on operational efficiency and asset turnover as critical drivers of sustainability in retail chains, especially during periods of heightened uncertainty and disrupted supply chains. A scale for interpreting ILC values is developed, enabling the classification of retail chains according to sustainability levels and corresponding life cycle phases. The practical significance of the proposed tools lies in their applicability for identifying sustainability gaps, accumulated risks, and recovery potential of retail chains, as well as for supporting managerial and investment decision-making in crisis and post-crisis environments. The results contribute to the development of a more flexible and analytically grounded approach to sustainability assessment in the retail sector, taking into account both short-term resilience and long-term development trajectories.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTING A PROJECT APPROACH IN STRATEGIC CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN MEDICAL MUNICIPAL ENTERPRISES
The article is devoted to the further development of methodological approaches to strategic planning of changes in the enterprise to increase the efficiency, first of all, of its project activities. Within the framework of the project approach in medical communal enterprises, in order to improve the management of strategic changes, it is proposed to make changes to the organizational structure of management, identifying a unit/employee who will perform the functions of the project office. The article describes the logic of the development of the project office functionality. In the theory of organizational management, the main approaches to management have long been described by representatives of the administrative (classical) school (A. Fayol, M. Weber, L. Urwick, C. Bernard), the school of human relations (M. Follett, F. Herzberg, D. McGregor, R. Blake, K. Argyris) and the empirical school (P. Drucker). It is recommended to solve current and new tasks of operational activity in management theory within the framework of the chosen approach to organizational management, among which it is customary to distinguish the following: 1) functional (among the founders are M. Mescon, M. Albert, F. Hedouri); 2) systemic (the founders are considered to be L. von Bertalanffy, I. Wallerstein, D. Easton); 3) situational (F. Fiedler, M. House); 4) process (D. Norton, R. Kaplan) In recent years, researchers have begun to talk about the need to single out a fifth approach – project. As an independent approach, the project approach can be used only in theoretical abstractions – in organizations in which all management processes will be completely new in each period of time compared to previous periods (in practice, this does not happen). Therefore, the project approach to organizational management can well prove itself in combination with the four approaches listed. Its essence can be described as a systematic consideration of the organization's activities as a set of interconnected projects that have clear goals, deadlines and resources. The use of this approach allows you to effectively manage changes, improve results and ensure the achievement of the organization's strategic goals. The implementation of a project office is critically important for the successful transition to a project approach in organizational management. This ensures effective planning, execution, monitoring and control of projects, which, in turn, contributes to the achievement of strategic goals. The article pays considerable attention to the description of the stages (stages) of the creation and development of a project office as a necessary prerequisite for the implementation of the project approach. This description of the stages of project maturity can be used in the process of improving project management in medical utilities within the framework of a combination of the selected approach to management (functional, systemic, situational or process) with the project approach. Currently, project management covers an increasing number of operations and new areas of application. The implementation of a systemic approach based on project management should be an effective solution for reducing the negative impact of external environmental factors on the development of medical institutions. The experience of their work shows that the project approach is a more flexible and effective management tool if the goal of the project is to obtain a unique product, or the requirements for the results are dynamic and changeable over time.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONSULTING RECOMMENDATIONS ON CRISIS MANAGEMENT FOR EXPORT-ORIENTED TRADING COMPANIES
The article examines the current conditions of Ukraine's agricultural sector and shows that the traditional strategy of exporting raw materials is becoming economically inefficient and risky. The impact of military action, logistical blockades, and global price volatility dictate the need for a fundamental review of business management approaches. It has been proven that sustainable development is impossible today without the introduction of transformational innovations to overcome the crisis, the key among which is the abandonment of the raw material model in favor of creating closed cycles of agricultural product processing. Research shows that export-oriented trading companies face numerous challenges in the current conditions of global economic instability, including currency fluctuations, political risks, declining consumer purchasing power, and disruptions in logistics chains. That is why the development of effective anti-crisis solutions is becoming a key prerequisite for ensuring the sustainability and preservation of the competitive positions of such enterprises in international markets. Recommendations for the implementation of algorithms for overcoming crisis phenomena and qualitatively updating the business capacity of the trading enterprise are considered. An example of developed consulting recommendations for a system of anti-crisis solutions for an agricultural products trading company is provided. Strategic vectors of anti-crisis development are based on innovation, digitalization, diversification of sales markets, export orientation, and optimization of internal processes; tactical vectors are based on cost reduction, accounts receivable management, customer relations, and business process adaptation. The anti-crisis solutions proposed for the trading enterprise under study should ensure the elimination of the financial GAP caused by the critical capital structure and high liquidity risks.
DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES UKRAINE IN CONDITIONS OF MILITARY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY
The article examines the current state and specific features of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ukraine under conditions of military and economic instability. The key role of the SME sector in ensuring the country’s economic resilience, shaping a competitive environment, creating jobs, and supporting the socio-economic development of regions in crisis conditions is substantiated. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of military and economic factors on the functioning of small and medium-sized enterprises. The main challenges faced by SME under martial law are analyzed, including security threats, limited access to financial resources, labor shortages, disruptions in logistics chains, and a decline in effective consumer demand. Based on statistical data, the dynamics of registration and cessation of activities of individual entrepreneurs are characterized, along with the sectoral structure of newly established businesses and regional features of entrepreneurial activity. The study identifies the main problems hindering SME development and determines promising directions for state and international support. One of the key methods of state support for small and medium-sized businesses is financial and credit stimulation. It includes the provision of concessional loans, state guarantees on credit obligations, interest rate compensation programs, as well as grant support for business recovery or start-up initiatives. These measures contribute to maintaining business liquidity and reducing the financial burden under conditions of heightened economic instability. Tax and regulatory instruments also play an important role in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. These include: – tax incentives; – simplification of tax administration procedures; – deferral of tax liabilities; – deregulation of entrepreneurial activity. An analysis of business activity indicators showed that pessimistic expectations prevailed among SMEs, reflecting a high level of economic uncertainty and risk. At the same time, the continued investment activity of some enterprises aimed at upgrading equipment, digitalisation and staff training indicates a strategic focus on long-term recovery and post-war growth. At the same time, the results of statistical data analysis indicate a high level of adaptability in the business environment. The growth in the number of individual entrepreneurs, especially in the retail, IT, logistics and services sectors, confirms the reorientation of business towards more flexible organizational forms of economic activity.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES: STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENTERPRISES AND MINIMIZATION OF RISKS
Digital transformation has become a decisive factor in enhancing the resilience, transparency, and competitiveness of enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity. The increasing volatility of global markets, disruptions in logistics networks, geopolitical uncertainty, and rising cyber threats intensify the need for effective risk management tools in international business. This extended abstract examines the role of digitalization as a comprehensive mechanism for reducing financial, logistical, legal, market, communication, and reputational risks that arise in the course of foreign economic operations. The study highlights how advanced financial technologies, including blockchain-based payment systems and smart contracts, help mitigate financial risks by ensuring transaction transparency, preventing fraud, and guaranteeing contract execution. The use of digital logistics solutions – such as IoT sensors, GPS tracking, RFID technologies, and predictive analytics significantly reduces delivery delays, product losses, and supply chain disruptions. Electronic document management systems, e-signatures, and LegalTech platforms strengthen contract security and eliminate inaccuracies stemming from human error or legal inconsistencies. Big Data analytics provides tools for monitoring global market dynamics, forecasting demand fluctuations, and supporting data-driven decision-making. At the same time, CRM systems, communication platforms, and project-management tools reduce misunderstandings in cross-border collaboration, while cybersecurity technologies and compliance systems protect enterprises from sanctions, data breaches, and cyberattacks. Examples from leading countries and global corporations demonstrate that digitalization not only reduces operational risks but also accelerates export and import processes, lowers transaction costs, and increases the strategic adaptability of firms. The findings underline that digital transformation is an indispensable prerequisite for successful participation in international trade under conditions of global instability.
MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL FINANCES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
This article presents an interdisciplinary study of the contemporary scientific discourse on local finance management in the context of global challenges, including financial crises, the COVID-19 pandemic, climate threats, and the full-scale war in Ukraine. The main objective of the research is to identify key trends, dominant themes, and scholarly schools in the field of local finance, employing a bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in the international Scopus database and utilizing VOSviewer software. The study highlights the growing role of local self-government authorities as primary responders to crisis conditions. The authors argue for the need for deeper scholarly reflection on local financial governance, taking into account international experience. Based on an analysis of 187 relevant publications from 2015–2025, the research identifies four core scientific clusters: budget planning and environmental sustainability; the socio-institutional dimension of public finance; decentralization and environmental management; and climate adaptation and participatory practices. This clustering reflects the evolution of scientific approaches from technocratic management toward more inclusive and resilient models. Particular attention is paid to the geography of scientific influence, with the United Kingdom, the United States, China, Canada, and Australia emerging as leading centers of knowledge production. The authors emphasize that Ukraine, amid wartime and decentralization reform, can significantly benefit from implementing the identified international practices, particularly in strategic budgeting, risk management, transparency, and digitalization. In conclusion, the article substantiates the need for further applied research on local finance management that considers the Ukrainian context and enables the development of effective, adaptive, and evidence-based public policy. The proposed bibliometric mapping offers researchers, policymakers, and practitioners a systematic understanding of the current state and future development of the field.
ANALYTICS OF COMPETENCIES OF EMPLOYEES WITH HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE: A CLUSTER-BASED APPROACH
The article examines the issue of developing competencies among employees with higher education in the context of the functioning of the personnel management system at an industrial enterprise. The relevance of the study is driven by the growing role of human capital, the digitalization of production processes, and the need to shift from fragmented approaches to a systematic personnel management model based on the competency-based approach. The aim of the article is to conduct an empirical assessment of the development level of key competencies of employees with higher education and to identify their structural interrelations and problem areas within the personnel management system of an industrial enterprise. The methodological basis of the study is the competency-based approach to human resource management. The empirical data were collected through anonymous surveys of employees with higher education. Data processing included descriptive statistics, Ward’s method of cluster analysis, and Pearson’s correlation analysis. This combination allowed for the assessment of individual competencies, the identification of their internal structural organization, and the exploration of interrelations between them, providing additional analytical insight for interpreting the results and forming evidence-based managerial conclusions. The results show that the most developed competencies are professional, cognitive, and digital – particularly initiative, critical thinking, and digital literacy. At the same time, imbalances were identified in the area of socio-behavioral competencies, primarily teamwork, time management, and stress resilience. Cluster analysis revealed three typical clusters of competencies: professional-cognitive, personal-autonomous, and collaborative-motivational. The results of the correlation analysis confirmed the presence of significant interrelations between individual competencies, such as between decision-making autonomy, initiative, and stress resilience, while also highlighting potential functional contradictions that should be taken into account when designing employee development programs.
MARKETING ACTIVITY OF FREENET LLC IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS MARKET IN UKRAINE
This article investigates the marketing activities of Freenet Limited Liability Company (Freenet LLC), a key operator in the fixed broadband access market in Ukraine. The company's core business is providing high-speed dedicated access channels to both individuals and legal entities. Key operational functions, the FTTx and Ethernet technology base, and the company's competitive advantages–shaped by flexible tariff policies, antivirus protection, and 24/7 technical support–are analyzed. The positioning of Freenet LLC on the national market is characterized by high competitiveness. According to the analytical publication InternetUA, the company is consistently among the top 10 largest Internet providers in Ukraine, demonstrating significant growth dynamics (second place) and occupying third place in the overall ranking. Unfortunately, the marketing activities of Freenet LLC have a significant strategic vulnerability: it lags behind its main competitors in terms of volume and efficiency of using resources for promotion. A PEST-analysis was conducted, highlighting the significant influence of social and technological factors. Based on the assessment of strategic alternatives' opportunities and risks, a selective growth strategy was chosen. The results of the promotional program, which included website optimization and social media campaigns, showed increased applications and better website loading speeds. With the creation of offices in the Google business profile, the company's rating began to grow, and the activity of users from these offices additionally attracts the target audience to the site. During promotions on social networks, the statistics of viewing advertising campaigns increases sharply, so it is recommended to organize regular prize draws in the future. The most important result is an increase in the number of applications submitted through the company's website.
ASSESSMENT OF TRENDS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE SUSTAINABILITY IN AGRICULTURE
The purpose of the article is to draw conclusions about the impact of trends and dynamics in agricultural production on ensuring the sustainability of Ukraine's agricultural sector, identifying the main risks and outlining areas for improving its regulation. The main objectives of the study are to assess the dynamics and structure of the cultivation of major crops, the dynamics and structure of husbandry production, and the dynamics and structure of fertiliser and pesticide application based on long-term data and to draw conclusions based on these data regarding trends in the development of the agricultural sector in terms of achieving sustainability. The article examines the dynamics of the main economic results of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. The publication examines the dynamics and structure of the major crops cultivation, as well as the dynamics and structure of the major husbandry components. The analysis is based on data for the period from 1991 to 2024, which allowed the authors to draw key conclusions about the long-term consequences of these trends in the development of the agricultural sector taking into account the goal of achieving its sustainability. Reverse trends in Ukrainian agriculture have been identified: an increase in crop yields and gross crop production, and a decrease or stagnation in husbandry and poultry farming. The relationship between changes in the structure of agricultural production and changes in the structure and volume of organic and mineral fertilizer application was also analyzed. The article separately establishes the impact of military operations on the dynamics of agricultural production. Article reveals the connection between increasing intensity and reducing reserves for improving the sustainability of agricultural production, as well as signs of approaching the limit of technological efficiency, which could lead to a slowdown in the economic growth in agriculture and, in the long term, may have negative consequences for both the country's financial and monetary security and social stability, as well as cause accumulation of environmental risks.
ASSESSMENT OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES AND THE LEVEL OF CONCENTRATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
The article aims to assess the differences between individual agricultural enterprises in terms of their size, identify the main trends and risks of monopolisation of the agricultural land market, and outline possible measures to improve its regulation. The main objectives of the study are to reflect the dynamics of the yield of major crops, the dynamics and structure of enterprises depending on their size, to evaluate the dependence of average yield on the average land area of enterprises in different groups, estimating the level of concentration in the agricultural land market in Ukraine as a whole and in the Rivne region in particular, as well as drawing conclusions about trends in the development of the agricultural sector from the point of view of achieving sustainable development. This article examines the distribution of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine in terms of their size and analyses relative performance indicators – gross income per hectare of agricultural land and yield indicators. The article analyses the grouping of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine by size (area of agricultural land) based on statistical data and provides a graphical assessment of the impact of average farm size on crop yields. In addition, the authors examine the level of monopolisation of agricultural land by calculating the Gini coefficient and constructing a Lorenz curve based on official statistical information. A more detailed analysis was carried out based on data from the Rivne region: data on the area of agricultural land and the size of production were analysed. It has been determined that both in Ukraine as a whole and in the Rivne region, the Gini coefficient and the visual shape of the Lorenz curve indicate a high degree of monopolisation of the land market in Ukraine. This demonstrates significant inequality, as such a level of concentration poses a threat to maintaining a normal level of competition in the market and to forming economically justified rent prices of agricultural land. In addition, high monopolisation in the agricultural sector leads to the concentration of control over logistics routes and elevator capacities in the hands of a small number of large enterprises.
The US dollar has historically held the position of the world's primary reserve currency, a status shaped by a confluence of historical events, economic dynamics, and geopolitical factors. This paper investigates the multifaceted causes and determining factors that have contributed to the USD's enduring dominance, including the evolution of the US debt-to-GDP ratio, the implications of fiscal and monetary policy, and the viability of US borrowing practices. The analysis discusses factors that contribute to sustained demand for the dollar. Notably, the research underscores the paradox of the USD's strength during periods of economic uncertainty, where it remains a preferred safe haven despite domestic challenges. However, the USD's supremacy is increasingly challenged by sharply rising national debt levels, raising concerns about fiscal consistency and borrowing costs. The paper examines the implications of these trends, including the potential for reduced demand for U.S. treasuries and the associated risks to debt sustainability. Ultimately, this paper introduces the USD Reserve Status Index as a quantitative method of the factors influencing the USD's role as a global reserve currency, offering insights into the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY AND ITS ROLE IN ENSURING UKRAINE’S FOOD SECURITY
The article presents a comprehensive study of the productivity of Ukraine’s agricultural sector and its role in ensuring national food security under conditions of economic instability, climate change, and wartime challenges. It substantiates that the yields of major cereal, oilseed, and legume crops are a decisive factor in shaping domestic food supply, export potential, and the overall resilience of the agri-food system. The dynamics of agricultural production over the period 1991–2025 are analyzed, and key structural transformations of the agricultural sector are identified, including the growing role of crop production, increased production concentration, changes in cropping patterns, and rising technological intensity. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the full-scale war, manifested in a reduction of sown areas, declining yields of certain crops, disruptions to logistics chains, landmining of agricultural land, and increased production risks. It is shown that in 2022–2025 the output of cereal and oilseed crops averaged about 70% of the 2021 peak level, posing additional threats to food security. The study demonstrates that despite significant losses, the agricultural sector remains one of the key stabilizing factors of the national economy, contributing up to 10% of GDP and around 60% of foreign exchange earnings from exports. The main economic, climatic, and technological factors affecting the stability of the agri-food system are identified, including global price volatility, the reintroduction of trade restrictions, intensifying climate risks, and limited access to production resources. The paper substantiates strategic directions for strengthening Ukraine’s food security, including increasing crop yields through the adoption of innovative agrotechnologies, digitalization of agricultural production, the use of drought-resistant varieties, the development of land reclamation systems, diversification of cropping structures, and adaptation of the agricultural sector to European Union standards. It is concluded that a comprehensive approach combining technological innovation, climate adaptation, and European integration processes is a key prerequisite for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector and for ensuring Ukraine’s food security in the long term.
ANALYSIS OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL POTENTIAL OF FORESTRY UNDER MARTIAL LAW CONDITIONS
The forestry sector traditionally contributes to resource security, employment, and regional development; however, under martial law it has experienced profound disruption due to landmine contamination of forest areas, war-induced wildfires, damaged infrastructure, rising logistics and energy costs, regulatory shifts, and increasing environmental risks. These factors substantially limit access to forest resources and intensify uncertainty, necessitating a reassessment of approaches to evaluating entrepreneurial potential in forestry. The purpose of this study is to substantiate theoretical and methodological principles for analyzing the entrepreneurial potential of forestry under martial law and to develop an assessment toolkit that accounts for wartime security, logistical, ecological, and institutional constraints. Entrepreneurial potential is defined as the ability of forestry enterprises to sustainably generate income and employment, expand processing activities, withstand security and market shocks, and comply with environmental and institutional requirements. The paper conceptualizes entrepreneurial potential as a multicomponent system comprising four interrelated blocks: resource-production, financial-economic, market-institutional, and security-environmental. A key methodological contribution is the distinction between nominal potential, based on formally available resources, and realized potential, reflecting the feasible level of entrepreneurial activity under wartime restrictions. To operationalize this framework, a system of key performance indicators is proposed, covering resource accessibility, processing depth, energy efficiency, financial stability, logistics pressure, market transparency, traceability, and security readiness. On this basis, an integrated entrepreneurial potential index is developed using normalized indicators and weighted coefficients, enabling the inclusion of both stimulating and destimulating factors. The results indicate that security and logistics pressures exert the strongest negative impact on realized entrepreneurial potential, while increased processing, energy efficiency, and income diversification significantly enhance resilience. The proposed approach provides a realistic analytical basis for managerial decision-making and supports forestry policy design and post-war recovery strategies oriented toward sustainable development.
PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXCHANGE RELATIONS AMONG THE TRIBES OF THE EQUATORIAL ZONE UNTIL THE MIDDLE OF THE 20TH CENTURY
The article examines the peculiarities of the development of exchange relations among the tribes of the equatorial zone until the middle of the 20th century, in particular, the mechanisms of voluntary alienation of goods in the form of gifts. The authors analyze historical approaches to understanding exchange, considering it in the context of theoretical discussions of the 30s 60s of the 20th century. Attention is focused on the study of tribal exchange systems that differed significantly from commodity-money relations of the European model. Examples of the Kwakiutl tribe from Northwest America, where there was a tradition of prestigious gift-giving, expressed in the destruction of property, as well as the practice of giving food and shells in the tribes of Papua New Guinea, which did not have a clear social hierarchy, are considered. The complex monetary system of Rossel Island, which involved the use of hierarchically ordered shell money, is analyzed. The discussion of the nature of exchange covers theoretical approaches of economic anthropology and a critical analysis of neoclassical economic concepts. The views of prominent scholars such as Marcel Mauss, Claude Lévi-Strauss, and Karl Polanyi are highlighted, who emphasized the social interaction in the gift-giving process and the differences between traditional and capitalist exchange systems. The authors emphasize that tribal economic systems were based on the principles of reciprocity, rather than individual enrichment, as in market economies. The study's findings highlight the need for further study of exchange mechanisms in traditional societies to understand alternative economic models.
MIGRATION BEHAVIOUR OF THE POPULATION IN TIMES OF CRISIS
The article examines the migration behaviour of the population during crises, particularly in the context of the full-scale war in Ukraine, which triggered the most significant migration flow in Europe since World War II. The key determinants of migration decisions are identified, among which security factors, economic expectations, social support and access to services in potential destination countries play a leading role. Particular attention is paid to changes in the motivational components of migration decisions over time, from forced displacement to adaptive behaviour patterns and the long term formation of intentions for integration or return. The study compares the features of migration flows before and after 2022, with an emphasis on socio-economic opportunities in the countries of the European Union. It was found that perceptions of employment prospects and access to support programs significantly shape the choice of destination country, and that the level of education is a significant factor in migrants' competitiveness in the labour market. In particular, individuals with higher education demonstrate consistently higher employment rates in host countries, which potentially affects the duration of their stay abroad and reduces the likelihood of return. It is concluded that modern approaches to managing migration processes require innovative monitoring tools, including the use of digital analytics, artificial intelligence and geographic information systems to predict migration trends and support decision-making. The proposed implementation of GIS tools enables spatial visualisation of migration flows, integration of data on infrastructure, social, and economic resources of territories, and modelling of population mobility scenarios in the short and long term. Its application enables adaptive management of migration processes, enhancing the effectiveness of policies for support, accommodation, and social integration of displaced persons. A concept for an information platform is proposed that would provide potential migrants with reliable data on opportunities in the country of origin and help reduce unjustified migration risks. The results obtained can be used to improve state migration policy, increase the resilience of socio-economic systems and preserve human capital in the post-crisis period.
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES: ASSESSMENT AND KEY FACTORS OF OPTIMIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF THE MIZOCH TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY)
The article examines theoretical and applied aspects of the institutional capacity development of local self-government bodies (LSG). Based on the results of the financial and personnel indicators analysis of the Mizotsk territorial community of Rivne region for 2022–2024, the correlation between both the resource provision level and needs for the processes modernization of training managers in local self-government bodies is revealed. Scientific and applied research on the content and functions of the local governments institutional capacity in modern conditions of sustainable development for the regional economy, their innovative development directions, taking into account external and internal factors of influence on the resource provision for the administration processes of the territorial community activities, are summarized. The priority of innovative changes in the issues of labor resources training of TG is substantiated, in particular: training and retraining of professional managers competence in response to modern challenges of the time, ensuring both accessibility and systematic improvement of qualifications. According to the study results of the regional system of managerial personnel training in TG (based on materials of the Rivne Regional State Administration), key needs for strengthening training in such areas as digital transformation, e-government tools, tax management, financial monitoring, strategic management innovations, etc. Recommendations are proposed for qualitatively strengthening the management potential in the context of decentralization based on the prompt resolution of a important issues number for regional management, including, alternatively: local programs development to support young professionals, increased participation of employees in advanced training programs from the National Agency of Ukraine for Civil Service, international funds; internships for students of specialized higher education institutions in units of regional and district authorities and local self-government with subsequent employment; completion of the processes of creating a Project Office (which will allow to attract more extrabudgetary investments and grants, directing more funds to continuous training of administration specialists at the local level), etc. These proposals will increase the effectiveness of the institutional local self-government bodies capacity both at regional and national levels.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ESG CONCEPT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
The article examines the relationship between the components of the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) framework and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the activities of industrial enterprises in Ukraine. The key directions (dimensions) of ESG implementation in industrial enterprises are identified. The analysis demonstrates that each ESG component extends beyond isolated initiatives and collectively forms a conceptual foundation for reorienting industrial business models toward long-term sustainability. Based on an analytical review of sustainability reports of leading Ukrainian industrial enterprises, the study investigates the content and practical implementation of core ESG dimensions and their alignment with the SDGs. The practices of major Ukrainian companies indicate that contemporary environmental strategies are grounded in technological modernisation, innovative solutions, and regulated environmental control, directly corresponding to SDGs 6, 7, 9, 12, and 13. The social component of ESG in the activities of Ukrainian industrial enterprises reflects a systemic transition toward an integrated model of managing human capital, occupational health and safety, and community engagement. Social initiatives and programmes correlate with SDGs 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, and 11. The governance component of ESG serves as a fundamental condition for ensuring transparency and accountability to stakeholders. Transparent corporate governance, effective internal control and compliance systems, anti corruption policies, responsible supply chain management, and public disclosure practices act not only as indicators of managerial maturity but also as key drivers of competitiveness and investment attractiveness. Governance practices correspond to SDGs 8, 12, and 16. Thus, the ESG framework functions as an important applied instrument for the implementation of the SDGs, translating them into measurable indicators, business processes, and operational standards.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE ACCOUNTANT’S ROLE IN THE MODERN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT: FROM ACCOUNTING FUNCTION TO STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PARTNER
The modern business environment is characterized by increasing dynamism, uncertainty, and the growing complexity of management processes, which leads to higher requirements for the quality of financial and analytical information and the role of those responsible for its generation. Under these conditions, the traditional model of accounting activity, primarily focused on recording business transactions and preparing regulated financial statements, is gradually losing its ability to fully meet management’s information needs. This situation necessitates a reconsideration of the professional role of the accountant and its adaptation to contemporary business challenges. The purpose of the article is to provide a theoretical and analytical substantiation of the transformation of the accountant’s role in the modern business environment and to identify the key factors driving the transition from a purely accounting function to the status of a strategic management partner. The study employs methods of scientific generalization, systematization, comparative analysis, and logical modeling, as well as analytical materials from international professional organizations in the field of accounting and finance. The article systematizes the evolution of the functional content of accounting activity and identifies the key differences between traditional and modern models of the accountant’s role. It is substantiated that the modern accountant is increasingly involved in budgeting, financial planning, risk management, and decision support processes, which leads to the expansion of analytical, managerial, and communication competencies and enhances the importance of professional judgment. Based on the generalization of empirical materials from international professional institutions, it is demonstrated that the digital transformation of the accounting function produces a measurable managerial effect and creates conditions for shifting the focus from routine operations to analytical and advisory activities. A typology of digital maturity levels of the accounting function is proposed, allowing the relationship between the degree of digital integration, the nature of the accountant’s participation in business management, and the effectiveness of managerial decisions to be traced. It is concluded that the transformation of the accountant’s role is a systemic process encompassing functional, competency-based, and technological aspects of accounting activity and contributes to improving the effectiveness of corporate governance in the context of the digital economy.
ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENTERPRISE TAX MANAGEMENT
The article examines the content and functional role of accounting and analytical support for the formation and implementation of enterprise tax management as an information basis for substantiating managerial decisions in the field of taxation. The relevance of the research is justified by the relatively stabilized tax burden in Ukraine and the high level of digitalization of tax administration, which simplifies compliance procedures but does not eliminate the managerial complexity of tax-related decisions. It is substantiated that taxes and fees remain a significant factor influencing financial results, cost structure, cash flows, and tax risks, which necessitates a systematic approach to tax management based on reliable accounting and analytical information. The study systematizes accounting tools and information flows that form the information base of tax management, including accounting records, tax registers, financial statements, and tax reporting. It is proven that accounting support performs not only a registration function but also creates a structured informational framework for analytical assessment of tax indicators. The analytical component of tax management is considered as a mechanism for transforming accounting data into a system of indicators suitable for assessing tax burden, tax liabilities, and tax risks. A system of analytical indicators and calculation algorithms based on financial and tax reporting data is proposed, ensuring practical applicability without additional data transformation. The integration of accounting and analytical instruments is substantiated as a prerequisite for economically justified tax management and informed decision-making at the enterprise level.
INDIRECT TAXES IN FISCAL POLICY AND MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING: IMPLICATIONS FOR ENHANCING THE LEVEL OF COMPETITIVENESS POTENTIAL
The article investigates the role of indirect taxes within the framework of managerial accounting and their impact on financial and managerial decision-making at the enterprise level. The purpose of the research is the theoretical substantiation and practical analysis of indirect taxes as a tool of fiscal policy and as an important informational component of the managerial accounting system. The methodological basis of the study includes general scientific and specific economic methods, namely analysis and synthesis, comparison, a systematic approach, logical generalization, and methods of accounting and analytical evaluation. The paper focuses on value added tax, excise duties, and customs duties, which significantly influence cost formation, pricing policy, cash flows, and financial results of business entities. It is substantiated that the proper integration of indirect tax indicators into managerial accounting allows assessing the tax burden, forecasting tax liabilities, analyzing alternative pricing strategies, and optimizing financial performance. Particular attention is paid to the informational function of managerial accounting in providing managers with relevant and timely data for planning, control, and strategic decision-making. The article proves that indirect taxes should be considered not only as a mechanism of state fiscal regulation but also as an effective management instrument influencing enterprise development and competitiveness. The scientific novelty of the research lies in substantiating the expediency of systematic use of indirect tax data within managerial accounting to enhance financial management efficiency. The practical significance of the results is determined by the possibility of their application in pricing, cost management, and tax planning at enterprises operating under conditions of economic instability. The findings may also serve as a theoretical basis for further research in the field of managerial accounting and tax management.
RETAIL NETWORKS IN UKRAINE: ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR CONDUCTING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
The article examines the organizational principles of conducting economic analysis of the operational activities of retail chains in Ukraine under modern conditions of economic transformation, digitalization, and martial law. Retail chains play a critically important role in ensuring economic stability, uninterrupted supply of goods, employment, and investment activity, especially in an environment characterized by limited resources, logistical risks, and high market volatility. In this context, economic analysis becomes a key tool for information support of management decisions aimed at improving efficiency, financial sustainability, and competitiveness of network retailers. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate organizational approaches to the economic analysis of retail chains’ economic activity, taking into account industry specifics, scale of operations, organizational structure, and management needs. The article clarifies the essence of organizing economic analysis as a system of coordinated and methodologically unified actions focused on studying economic processes, identifying reserves for efficiency growth, and supporting strategic and operational management decisions. Special attention is paid to the stages of organizing economic analysis, namely the preparatory, main, and final stages, with a detailed description of their content and functional tasks in the context of retail networks. The study highlights the importance of planning analytical work, forming an appropriate system of indicators, selecting adequate methods, and ensuring reliable information support. Centralized and decentralized forms of organizing analytical activities are analyzed, and their advantages and limitations are substantiated depending on the size of the retail chain, the degree of digitalization, and the complexity of business processes. The article emphasizes the growing role of financial, management, and integrated reporting as the informational basis for comprehensive economic analysis. The feasibility of using integrated reporting to assess financial and nonfinancial performance indicators, support efficiency audits, and enhance transparency for stakeholders is substantiated. It is concluded that improving the organization of economic analysis with regard to the specific features of retail chains contributes to more informed managerial decisions, increased adaptability to external challenges, and sustainable development of retail businesses in an unstable economic environment.
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES: PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND FUNCTIONING IN TODAY'S CONDITIONS
The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and organizational aspects of management accounting in construction enterprises, taking into account the specific features of construction activity. The relevance of the research is determined by the complexity of the construction process, the long production cycle, significant capital intensity, variability of costs, and the involvement of a large number of participants in the implementation of construction projects. These factors require the application of specialized approaches to accounting, analysis, planning, and internal control in order to ensure effective management decisions. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the necessity of forming a structured management accounting system at large construction enterprises and to define the functional components of specialized management accounting departments. The research is based on the analysis of scientific approaches of domestic scholars, generalization of theoretical provisions, and the use of methods of comparison, systematization, and logical generalization. The article identifies the main features of construction that significantly influence the organization of management accounting, including technological, economic, functional, and regulatory characteristics. Special attention is paid to the role of management accounting in budgeting, cost control, analysis of financial results, and internal economic control. The expediency of creating separate structural units responsible for budget planning, analytical accounting of revenues and costs, decision analysis and design, as well as internal control is substantiated. The results of the study confirm that the implementation of an effective management accounting system contributes to improving cost management, increasing transparency of financial information, enhancing control over the execution of construction works, and strengthening the financial stability of construction enterprises. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using the proposed approaches to improve the organization of management accounting in construction enterprises under modern economic conditions.
FINANCIAL CULTURE OF YOUTH IN UKRAINE: A STATISTICAL PERSPECTIVE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Financial culture plays a crucial role in ensuring individual well-being, social stability and sustainable economic development. In modern conditions, young people face an increasing variety of financial products and services, which requires not only basic financial knowledge but also well-developed financial behaviour and decision-making skills. In Ukraine, the issue of financial culture formation among youth has become particularly acute due to economic instability, digitalisation of financial services and the challenges caused by the full-scale war. The purpose of the article is to assess the current level of financial culture among young people in Ukraine based on statistical data and to identify opportunities for improving financial education through the implementation of foreign experience. The study is based on the analysis of national and international surveys conducted according to the OECD methodology, including data from USAID-supported research and recent assessments of financial competence among Ukrainian school students. The results indicate that despite a gradual increase in the overall financial literacy index, young people aged 18–24 demonstrate the lowest level of financial knowledge and skills compared to other age groups. Significant disparities are also observed depending on income level, education, place of residence and access to financial services. The article highlights that insufficient financial culture limits young people’s ability to manage personal finances effectively, withstand financial shocks and plan for the long term. Special attention is paid to international practices of financial education, including national strategies, school-based programs, business initiatives and digital learning platforms implemented in developed and emerging economies. The study concludes that adapting successful foreign approaches to Ukrainian realities requires a comprehensive, multi-level policy involving the state, educational institutions, financial sector participants and families. Strengthening financial culture among youth is considered a key prerequisite for enhancing financial resilience and long-term socio-economic development in Ukraine.
THEORETICAL AND ANALYTICAL ASPECTS OF DETERMINING UKRAINE'S SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE LOSSES AND INVESTMENT NEEDS FOR ITS RECONSTRUCTION
The article provides a comprehensive theoretical and analytical study of approaches to assessing losses in Ukraine’s social infrastructure and determining investment needs for its reconstruction in the full-scale war and post-war transformation context. The paper systematizes scientific approaches to interpreting social infrastructure as an object of investment and substantiates its role as a strategic resource for human capital reproduction, social cohesion, and long-term socio-economic resilience. Particular attention is paid to the methodological foundations of evaluating direct physical damage, indirect economic losses, and recovery needs within the Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA) framework, based on the damage-losses-needs logic. Using the results of successive RDNA rounds, the study identifies significant intersectoral disparities between the scale of destruction and the volume of required investments across key social sectors, including housing, education, healthcare, social protection, culture, and tourism. It is shown that the growth rate of investment needs substantially exceeds the dynamics of physical damage, which is explained by the predominance of indirect losses, demographic shifts, disruption of service provision, and institutional transformations caused by the war. The article substantiates the necessity of applying the «Build Back Better» principle, which implies not only restoring pre-war capacities but also modernizing social infrastructure, increasing its resilience, energy efficiency, and compliance with European standards. Emphasis is placed on the importance of integrating loss assessment results with investment mechanisms, digital project management tools, and transparent information systems to ensure evidence-based prioritization of reconstruction projects and effective allocation of limited financial resources. In addition, the study highlights the critical role of high-quality data, standardized indicators, and digital platforms in strengthening transparency, accountability, and donor confidence throughout the reconstruction process. The results can be used by stakeholders to improve the prioritization and sequencing of social infrastructure investments under conditions of fiscal constraints and heightened uncertainty.
STATE REGULATION OF UKRAINE’S ENERGY SECURITY UNDER CONDITIONS OF HYBRID THREATS
The article substantiates that energy security is one of the key components of a state’s national economic security and a determining factor of stable socio-economic development. Under conditions of hybrid threats, the energy sector acquires strategic importance, as it becomes a channel for economic, political, and military pressure on the state. Ensuring the stable functioning of the energy system requires an active and consistent state policy capable of minimizing the negative impact of external and internal destabilizing factors. It is demonstrated that effective state regulation of energy security is based on the diversification of energy supply sources, modernization of energy infrastructure, and the formation of a balanced energy mix. As a result of implementing such a policy, the state gains the ability to restrain tariff fluctuations, reduce import dependence, and ensure the stable functioning of the national economy under heightened risk conditions. It is noted that the prospects for improving Ukraine’s energy security are constrained not only by the consequences of military actions and the destruction of energy infrastructure, but also by the insufficient effectiveness of existing state regulation mechanisms. Under conditions of rising costs for energy enterprises and increasing tariff pressure on consumers, the search for alternative energy supply sources and the stimulation of investment in renewable energy development become particularly relevant. The article concludes that in the absence of a systematic state policy in the field of energy security, Ukraine risks remaining in a state of permanent energy vulnerability, which negatively affects economic growth and the population’s standard of living. In the long term, ensuring energy security should be regarded as a priority area of state regulation aimed at strengthening economic sovereignty and adapting the national economy to the conditions of hybrid threats.
LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE AND GRADUATES' COMPETENCES: DISPROPORTIONS AND WAYS OF OVERCOMING
The modern Ukrainian labour market is characterised by growing disproportions between labour demand and supply, which manifest themselves in both quantitative and qualitative dimensions. On the one hand, there is a persistent oversupply of graduates in traditional fields such as economics, law and pedagogy, many of whom remain underemployed or employed outside their profession. On the other hand, the demand for specialists in the digital economy, social services and technologically advanced industries significantly exceeds supply. This article explores the main drivers of these imbalances, including the impact of the war, accelerating digitalisation and structural economic transformations, and analyses their consequences for the employability of university graduates. Particular emphasis is placed on the phenomenon of the “skills gap” – the discrepancy between the competencies acquired during formal education and the skills required by employers. Using academic sources, labour statistics and regional research, the paper demonstrates that the largest shortages are expected in the IT sector (with a projected deficit of up to 250,000 specialists by 2030), as well as in social work, education and high-tech industry. The analysis also reveals considerable regional variations: industrial regions face oversupply in traditional professions, while service-oriented urban centres experience an acute lack of digital and managerial competencies. To address these challenges, the article proposes the use of regional workforce planning and skills anticipation mechanisms, which are actively applied in the EU and OECD countries. International evidence shows that effective strategies include the integration of qualification frameworks with labour market needs, the implementation of dual education models, systematic revision of educational programmes, and the institutionalisation of national skills observatories. The findings suggest that bridging the skills gap in Ukraine requires a comprehensive approach that combines policy coordination, business–university partnerships, and the promotion of lifelong learning. Such measures will not only improve the balance between education and labour market needs but also strengthen the competitiveness of Ukrainian graduates in the global knowledge economy.
ANALYSIS OF THE UKRAINIAN MARKET OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR SUPPORTING MANAGEMENT DECISIONS
In the digital economy, the effectiveness of management decisions in business is determined by the level of use of information systems (IS). Modern business is moving from the use of traditional accounting program to complex ERP and BI systems. The variety of ERP-systems available for business use raises the problem of choosing the optimal program. Therefore, it is important to analyze existing offers and identify their advantages and disadvantages. The article presents the results of a study of the features of management information systems offered on the Ukrainian IT market and their analysis to form recommendations for the selection of the optimal program by an enterprise. The analysis covers about 40 programs on the domestic market of information systems for management decision support in terms of the countries of developers, type of installation and area of use. The vast majority of software products offered in Ukraine are from domestic developers, foreign systems are adapted to consumers by a community of partner firms in Ukraine. The large number of ERP-systems offered for domestic businesses is a clear indication of the rapid development of the IT sector in Ukraine. It is worth noting the availability of domestic ERP systems, which are offered not only to Ukrainian consumers but also to foreign ones. This indicates the development of Ukrainian IS according to international standards. Most ERP-systems can be installed either from a distribution kit or as a cloud service. Boxed versions of the software are extremely rare. The availability of mobile applications for ERP-systems expands access to the software when away from the office. Mobile applications can implement barcode scanning functions during inventory, AI recognition, customer order formation, payment integration and reports for managers, etc. Their use increases the efficiency of field staff and the speed of business response to changes. Among ERP-systems, there are both universal ones – designed for businesses of any size and industry, and those positioned for use by enterprises of a certain type and size: micro, small, medium, and large. Most ERP-systems are positioned as universal program that can be used by businesses of any size. In our opinion, in this case, there is a risk that the functionality of the program will be insufficient for a large enterprise and/or excessive for a small one. Therefore, we believe that it is more acceptable to clearly define the area of use of the ERP-system: small, medium or large business.
IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE SYSTEM SOLUTIONS IN THE FIELD OF CYBER PROTECTION AND MAINTAINING THE INTEGRITY OF ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DATA SETS WHEN PERFORMING DUTIES REMOTELY
This publication provides a detailed study of the latest challenges and potential dangers caused by the large-scale implementation of the remote work format. Given the intensive expansion of the scope of operation of advanced information systems, the work focuses on the analysis of fundamental risks for the digital security of financial assets and accounting documentation. Particular emphasis is placed on the difficulties that arise when organizing the protection of confidential information on remote servers, in particular due to critical threats from illegitimate penetration, network phishing and work through vulnerable communication channels. Digital transformation creates new opportunities to improve the efficiency of financial security management, but at the same time increases the risks and challenges associated with cyber threats and technological dependence. In such conditions, the key task is to implement innovative financial security management methods that minimize risks and ensure business stability. In our opinion, the financial security of an enterprise is a comprehensive system of measures and tools aimed at ensuring the stability of financial activities, the protection of economic interests, effective risk management and the implementation of sustainable development strategies in a competitive environment. The financial and economic security of an enterprise is considered as a complex system that combines various interconnected elements. They contribute to the optimal management of corporate resources in all areas of activity. The specific content and structure of this system depend on the characteristics.
PROSPECTS FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF UKRAINE'S TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION: IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD
The presented scientific work highlights the results of studying the strategic vectors of the post-war revival of the transport and logistics complex of Ukraine within the framework of the integration progress of our state towards the European community. The authors substantiate the thesis that an extensive transport network is a fundamental "blood supply system" for the national economy, as well as a key factor in ensuring stable socio-political development and full-fledged international subjectivity. Large-scale hostilities caused catastrophic destruction of highways, aviation hubs, railway junctions and port infrastructure, which destabilized logistics chains, internal mobility and export-import operations. Infrastructure revitalization is regarded as a dominant aspect of the country's general economic regeneration, which involves not just the physical reconstruction of damaged capacities, but their deep structural transformation in accordance with EU regulations. It is highlighted that the main paths of post-war progress of the industry are the synchronization of the transport space of Ukraine with the European architecture, the harmonization of the parameters of tracks and highways to the standards of the European Union, the total digitalization of logistics management and the deployment of intelligent traffic control systems. A critically important element is the accumulation of foreign capital investments and active participation in the grant programs of the European Union, which will allow modernizing cross-border transport corridors of strategic importance. The generalization of the study emphasizes that the renovation of the industry should be based on the implementation of high-tech innovations, increasing the resistance of infrastructure facilities to potential challenges and establishing seamless communication with the logistics ecosystem of Europe. The need for a systemic approach to restructuring the transport base of Ukraine has been identified, which includes updating the road and railway fund, bringing it into line with the parameters of the Trans European Transport Network (TEN-T), optimizing freight flows, and implementing Data-driven technologies. This will not only neutralize the consequences of military aggression, but also form a progressive, competitive, and secure transport model that will be in harmony with the requirements of Brussels and contribute to the finalization of Ukraine's entry into the single European transport circuit.
ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF VIRTUAL WATER USE IN AGRICULTURE
The article reveals the relevance of determining the most effective and environmentally sound ways of using water resources in irrigation and fertigation systems. At the same time, it is necessary to minimise the negative impact on the environment and maximise the economic benefits of agricultural production, promote the adaptation of agriculture to climate change and ensure food security. The indicators of economic efficiency of water use for irrigation, namely water productivity and economic water productivity, are considered. The need to maintain a balance between the economic and environmental needs of society in terms of water use is justified. Thus, when planning and using irrigation technologies, the priority should be to achieve not the maximum, but the optimal level of yield with minimum specific costs and production costs. To ensure environmental safety, it is necessary to analyse indicators that characterise the quality of not only water but also land resources. Ways to improve the efficiency of water use in irrigation have been proposed. In particular, the use of modern irrigation systems, increased utilisation, avoidance of water losses, introduction of water-saving technologies in agriculture, modernisation of irrigation systems, increased crop productivity, reduced risk of loss or underperformance of planned harvests, increasing income through long-term contracts for the supply of products at more favourable prices, developing new organisational and economic models for agribusiness with the creation of clusters, using treated water for irrigation; providing financial state support to agricultural enterprises that use irrigation systems. A promising mechanism for trading virtual water could be a new environmental policy tool – a border water use adjustment mechanism.
ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF LOGISTICS CONTINUITY UNDER CONDITIONS OF INSTABILITY
The increasing instability of economic environments has significantly intensified the vulnerability of logistics systems and highlighted the importance of ensuring logistics continuity under constrained conditions. This article aims to substantiate the role of economic and mathematical modeling as a theoretical tool for analyzing logistics continuity in situations characterized by uncertainty, limited resources, and infrastructural constraints. The study focuses on the conceptualization of logistics continuity not as an optimal outcome, but as a feasible system state determined by economic and capacity limitations. The research applies a theoretical economic and mathematical approach to represent logistics systems as constrained flow networks, where continuity is ensured through minimum flow requirements and feasibility conditions. The proposed framework formalizes the relationships between logistics costs, system capacities, and continuity thresholds, allowing for the identification of feasible operating regions under conditions of instability. The results demonstrate that maintaining logistics continuity may require accepting higher logistics costs; however, such costs are economically justified due to the prevention of systemic disruptions and long-term economic losses. The findings emphasize that economic and mathematical modelling supports continuity-oriented logistics decision-making by enabling the prioritization of critical flows and rational allocation of limited resources. The study contributes to the development of theoretical foundations for logistics management under instability and provides a basis for further research on adaptive and resilient logistics systems.
INNOVATIONS IN SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: GLOBAL EXPERIENCE
Social entrepreneurship serves as a transformational paradigm that synthesizes the innovative dynamics of business with the altruistic goals of the social sector. The key distinction of such organizations lies in their uncompromising impact-orientation, where ethical responsibility prevails over immediate financial returns. An analysis of global experience confirms the international nature of t his trend: more than 50% of social enterprises worldwide prioritize scaling through product and process innovations. Social innovations demonstrate higher efficiency in overcoming global challenges of humanity through strategic use of public resources. Aimed at empowering vulnerable groups, they provide not only solutions to current needs, but also systemic transformation of economic and institutional structures, which are the root cause of social problems. Innovative development unfolds across three strategic pathways: the customer pathway (product adaptation), the employee pathway (human capital development for marginalized groups), and the ecosystem pathway (stakeholder mobilization for systemic reforms). Global examples demonstrate that proximity to local issues enables the creation of unique solutions that subsequently catalyze positive changes even within the public and corporate sectors. To scale this effect globally, it is essential to integrate social business into the broader innovation infrastructure, ensuring access to support tools that were previously the exclusive province of large corporations. Analysis of trends in the social entrepreneurship sector has revealed significant spillover effects of innovation. In particular, the introduction of fundamentally new products and operating practices by social enterprises often acts as a stimulus for the diffusion of innovations into the private sector and public institutions, encouraging traditional corporations and governments to modernize their own strategies.
DIVERSIFICATION OF AGRIBUSINESS ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS IN THE CONTEXT OF POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION IN UKRAINE
The article reveals innovative principles and ecological and economic tools for implementing cooperation in Ukraine as elements of diversification of organizational forms of agribusiness in the context of Ukraine's post-war recovery. It systematically reveals the principles regarding: the purpose of a comprehensive environmental audit; the formation of organizational forms of agribusiness in the form of cooperation in niche agricultural production; the use of GIS technologies and IT solutions; ensuring the effective functioning of communities; the development of independent, reliable information about the natural environment and land resources; the assessment of the state of the environment and the development of recommendations for the organization of niche production in harmony with the functioning of NPS facilities. In accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On Environmental Audit” and the conceptual foundations of ecological-economic policy in the state, the methodological principles for conducting environmental audits of communities are substantiated, along with directions and approaches for implementing such procedures to support agricultural production and environmental certification. These developments apply to enterprises and organizations, communities, territories of various purposes, and certification of economic objects that have socio-ecological-economic significance for the state. As a result of the environmental audit procedure, it is proposed to analyze the following blocks of information: cartographic data, natural and climatic conditions, land resources, water resources, protected areas and recreation, and biological resources. Information is summarized using integrated indicators of territorial transformation. The coefficient of ecological stability of landscapes and regional indices of anthropogenic transformation are determined using standard methodologies to justify the impact on community territories. It is proved that environmental audit procedures-and the resulting certification of community territories-lead to eco-modernization changes and can trigger a chain reaction of transformational shifts in the state, becoming a foundation for diversifying the forms, methods, and tools of state economic regulation. It is established that heterogeneity of fields (landscapes for niche production within cooperation) leads to reduced land and water footprints.
SMUGGLING AS A THREAT TO THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE: THEORETICAL ASPECT AND SCALE IN UKRAINE
The article is devoted to the theoretical and analytical study of smuggling as a threat to the economic security of the state. The essence and types of smuggling are determined by the features of its implementation. It is determined that the main smuggling schemes are: «greenwash», «empty bags», «interrupted transit», «jackets», «postal smuggling», «platforms», false declarations, etc. The prerequisites for the development of smuggling activities in Ukraine are identified, which include: advantageous geographical location; functional inability of customs authorities to comply with the law of crossing the state border; excessive number of control procedures during customs clearance of goods; criminalization of state authorities; high burden of customs payments, etc. It is determined that smuggling creates a number of threats to the economic security of the state: reduction of state budget revenues; criminalization of economic relations; development of unfair competition; deformation of fair distribution of income; reduced control over the quality level and the process of smuggling products and goods reaching end consumers; generation of dumping prices for goods, etc. The volumes and commodity structure of smuggled supplies in Ukraine were analyzed. According to research by the National Platform of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses, the scale of smuggling in Ukraine in dollar equivalent is constantly growing and as of 2021 amounted to 17.2 billion dollars. According to the author's calculations, during 2018–2021, the total fiscal losses of the consolidated state budget as a result of smuggling amounted to from 58 to 81 billion UAH., most of which fell on VAT (41–53 billion UAH.). It is proven that in addition to fiscal losses, smuggling causes the outflow of currency, a decrease in GDP and the loss of jobs, that is, it is a factor in reducing the level of economic security of the state.